< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From two sources, both reflecting earlier *-ōjaną:
- From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, an innovated compound suffix from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem noun suffix) + *-yéti (denominative suffix). These were originally formed as denominative verbs from ō-stem nouns. When attached to thematic (a-stem) nouns, the thematic vowel was also retained, but the resulting compound suffix *-eyé- became part of the first weak class instead.
- From Proto-Indo-European *-(e)h₂yéti, an innovated compound suffix from *-(e)h₂ti (factitive verb suffix) which was originally athematic, but later extended with the thematic present suffix *-yéti.
Cognates include Latin -āre (first conjugation), Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Sanskrit -आयति (-ā́yati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *-ōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *-ō | *-ǭ | — | *-ōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *-ōsi | *-ōs | *-ō | *-ōsai | *-ōsau |
| 3rd singular | *-ōþi | *-ō | *-ōþau | *-ōþai | *-ōþau |
| 1st dual | *-ōs | *-ōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *-ōþiz | *-ōþiz | *-ōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *-ōmaz | *-ōm | — | *-ōnþai | *-ōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *-ōþ | *-ōþ | *-ōþ | *-ōnþai | *-ōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *-ōnþi | *-ōn | *-ōnþau | *-ōnþai | *-ōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *-ōdǭ | *-ōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *-ōdēz | *-ōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *-ōdē | *-ōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *-ōdēdū | *-ōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *-ōdēdudiz | *-ōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *-ōdēdum | *-ōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *-ōdēdud | *-ōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *-ōdēdun | *-ōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *-ōndz | *-ōdaz | |||
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_class_2_weak_verbs' title='Category:Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs'>Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs</a>
Descendants
This class eventually became the dominant and most productive verb class in all daughter languages. In northern West Germanic, the suffix was reanalysed and extended to -ōjaną based on the first and third class of weak verbs.
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