< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Inguz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *inguz, *unguz (“mortal; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *néḱus, from *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) +‎ *-us.[1]

Proper noun

*Inguz m [2][3]

  1. Ing or Yngvi, the Germanic god of fertility. Thought to be the human incarnation of Nerthus, and the original name of the Norse fertility god Freyr.
  2. Son of Mannus, and progenitor of the Ynglings and Ingaevones.
  3. (Runic alphabet) name of the ŋ-rune (ᛜ)

Inflection
u-stemDeclension of *Inguz (u-stem)
singular
nominative *Inguz
vocative *Ingu
accusative *Ingų
genitive *Ingauz
dative *Ingiwi
instrumental *Ingū

Derived terms
  • *Ingwô
    • Old Saxon: ᛝᚹ (*ingwe, gen.sg.)[n 1]
    • Old Norse: Yngvi, Yngve (nom.sg.), Yngva (gen.sg.)
    • >? Gothic: [ᛝ]ᛁ ([i(ng)]wi[n])[n 2]
    • → Late Latin: Inguo [9th c. CE, Codex Sangallensis 732]
  • *Ingwiniz (< *Ingwiniz gen.sg. of *Ingwô, or + *winiz (“friend”))[7]
    • Old English: Ingwina (gen.sg.) [1044 CE, Beowulf]
    • Old High German: Inguin
    • Old Norse: Yngvin, Ynguni, Yngunni (West-Germanic borrowing?)

Descendants
  • Old English: Ing
    • → English: Ing (learned)
  • Old Norse: *Yngr
    • ⇒ Old Norse: Ynglingr (+ -lingr)
  • Gothic: *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*iggus) or *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*iggws /enguz/)[n 3]
  • → Latin: Ingaevōnēs, Ingvaeōnēs (+ -ōnēs)

Notes
  1. Possible interpretation of Weser runebone inscription #4988, dated 355 – 410 CE.[4][5]
  2. Possible interpretation of the Ring of Pietroassa inscription.[6]
  3. Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.[8][9]

Further reading
  • North, Richard (1997) Heathen Gods in Old English Literature, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

References
  1. Krause, Wolfgang (1944), “Ing”, in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologischhistorische Klaise, issue 10, Göttingen
  2. Kniezsa, Veronika (1990), “The orthographic aspect of the runes”, in Fisiak, Jacek, editor, Historical Linguistics and Philology, Mouton De Gruyter, page 248
  3. Inge in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
  4. Pieper, Peter (1989) Die Weser-Runenknochen, Neue Untersuchungen zur Problematik: Original oder Fälschung, Oldenburg: Isensee, page 154
  5. Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 318
  6. Harhoiu, Radu; Pieper, Peter; Nedoma, Robert (2003), “Pietroassa”, in Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, volume 23, Berlin, New York
  7. Kaser, Max (1939), “Mores maiorum und Gewohnheitsrecht kaser”, in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, DOI:10.7767/zrgra.1939.59.1.52
  8. Krause, Wolfgang (1968) Handbuch des Gotischen (in German), 3rd edition, Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64
  9. Kirchhoff, A. (1854) Das gothische Runenalphabet: eine Abhandlung‎, Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, page 48
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