Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*kunungaz

Etymology

From *kunją +‎ *-ingaz, 'someone of the family'.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun

*kuningaz m

king

Related terms

*kuningǭ

Derived terms

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kuningaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kuningaz	kuningōz, kuningōs
vocative	*kuning	kuningōz, kuningōs
accusative	*kuningą	*kuninganz
genitive	kuningas, kuningis	*kuningǫ̂
dative	*kuningai	*kuningamaz
instrumental	*kuningō	*kuningamiz

Descendants

Old English: cyning, cyng, cyneg, cynig, kyning, kuning
- Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig
  - English: king, kyng, kynge
    - Tok Pisin: king
    - → Isubu: kinge
    - → Japanese: キング (kingu)
    - → Maori: kingi
  - Scots: keeng, king
Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
- North Frisian: köning, könning, käning
- Saterland Frisian: Köönich
- West Frisian: kening
Old Saxon: kuning
- Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
  - Low German:
    - Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
    - German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
      - Plautdietsch: Kjennich
  - → Latgalian: kieneņš
  - → Latvian: ķēniņš
  - → West Frisian: keuning
Old Dutch: kuning
- Middle Dutch: cōninc
  - Dutch: koning
    - Afrikaans: koning
    - → Sranan Tongo: kownu
  - Limburgish: keuning
Old High German: kuning
- Middle High German: künic, künec
  - Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig
  - Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng
  - Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik
  - German: König
    - → Central Franconian: Künnisch
  - Luxembourgish: Kinnek
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Keenich
  - Vilamovian: kyng
  - Yiddish: קיניג‎ (kinig)
Old Norse: konungr, kongr
- Icelandic: konungur, kóngur
- Faroese: kongur, konungur
- Norn: konung
- Norwegian: konge
- Old Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger
  - Swedish: konung, kung
- Old Danish: kung, konung
  - Danish: konge, kong, konning
    - → Greenlandic: kunngi
- Westrobothnian: kóng
- Elfdalian: kunungg
- Gutnish: kuningg, kungg
- Scanian: káng
→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas
→ Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)
→ Samic:
- Northern Sami: gonagas
- Lule Sami: gånågis
- Skolt Sami: koonǥõs
→ Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)

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