< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
On PIE morpheme structure *kʷetwor- has too many consonants to be a true primitive morpheme, and the feminine stem might simply be proof of one elemental "four" in **kʷet- or **kʷetu-.
Numeral
| 4 | Previous: | *tréyes |
|---|---|---|
| Next: | *pénkʷe |
*kʷetwóres [1], combining form *kʷ(e)twr̥- (before cons.), *kʷ(e)tur- (before vow.), *kʷtru- (with metathesis)
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *kʷetwóres | *kʷétesres | |
| genitive | *kʷeturóHom | *kʷetesróHom | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *kʷetwóres |
| vocative | — | — | *kʷetwóres |
| accusative | — | — | *kʷetwórm̥s |
| genitive | — | — | *kʷeturóHom |
| ablative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥mós |
| dative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥mós |
| locative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥sú |
| instrumental | — | — | *kʷetwr̥bʰí |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *kʷétesres |
| vocative | — | — | *kʷétesres |
| accusative | — | — | *kʷétesrm̥s |
| genitive | — | — | *kʷetesróHom |
| ablative | — | — | *kʷetesr̥mós |
| dative | — | — | *kʷetesr̥mós |
| locative | — | — | *kʷetesr̥sú |
| instrumental | — | — | *kʷetesr̥bʰí |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | — | *kʷetwṓr |
| vocative | — | — | *kʷetwṓr |
| accusative | — | — | *kʷetwṓr |
| genitive | — | — | *kʷeturóHom |
| ablative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥mós |
| dative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥mós |
| locative | — | — | *kʷetwr̥sú |
| instrumental | — | — | *kʷetwr̥bʰí |
Derived terms
- *kʷetwr̥- (compounds)
Descendants
- Albanian: *kátur
- Albanian: katër
- Anatolian: *gʷetʷóres
- Lycian: [script needed] (teteri)
- Armenian: [Term?]
- Armenian: *kʷtwr̥- (zero-derivation)
- Balto-Slavic: *ketur-
- Celtic: *kʷetwares (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *fedwōr (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: *kʷétwores (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *čatwā́ras (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *kʷettwōr (see there for further descendants)
- Lusitanian: petranioi
- Phrygian: διθυρ- (ditʰur-), θιδρα- (tʰidra-)
- Thracian: ketri-
- Tocharian: *ś(ä)twer
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “č‘or-k‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 547
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