< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tum-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Thought to be related to *tewh₂- (“to swell”). However, the laryngeal is problematic. De Vaan suggests a hypothetical **tu- as the underlying form of this and *tewh₂-.

Root

*tum- [3][4]

  1. to swell

Derived terms
  • *tum-éh₁ye-ti (stative)[1][3][5]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Lithuanian: tumė́ti (“to thicken”)
    • Celtic: *tumīti[2] (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *tumēō
      • Latin: tumeō (“to swell; to be violent”)
  • *tuh₂m-ō[5]
  • *tum-ō-s
    • Italic: [Term?]
  • *tum-ó-s[5]
    • Celtic: *tumos (“strength; growth”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *tumás
      • Iranian: *tumáh
        • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥𐬀‎ (tumāspana, “with fat horses”, personal name)
  • *tum-o-ló-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *tumalás
    • Italic: *tumolos
  • *tum-ró-s (“swollen”)[5]
    • Indo-Iranian: *tumrás
      • Indo-Aryan: *tumrás
        • Sanskrit: तुम्र (tumrá, “big, strong”)[3]
*tum-bʰ-[6]
  • Armenian:
  • Celtic: *tumbos
    • Middle Irish: tomm (“small hill”)
    • Middle Welsh: tom (“dung, mound”)
  • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Ancient Greek: τύμβος (túmbos, “mound, burial mound, grave’”)
Unsorted formations
  • Celtic: *towmā
    • Brythonic: [Term?]
      • Welsh: tumon, tumion (“haunches”)
    • Middle Irish: túaim (“hill, mound”)
  • Indo-Iranian: *tūtumás
    • Indo-Aryan: *tūtumás
      • Sanskrit: तूतुम (tūtumá, “strong”)[3]
  • Italic: *tumoltos

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*teu̯m-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 654
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “tum-ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tumeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 633
  4. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թումբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 206
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “þū̆man-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 550
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*tumbo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
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