Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hanguǰatu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *Hangwr̥ (“extract, resin”) +‎ *ǰátu (“gum”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰátu.

Noun

*Hanguǰatu n [1][2][3] [4]

asafoetida

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (aṃgūṣḍä)
- Sogdic: *angwažt (< *angužat)[3]
  - → Tocharian B: aṅkwaṣ(t)[4]
    - → Chinese: 阿魏 (āwèi)[5]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish: ھەنگوژە‎ (hanguža)
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫊𐫅*‎ (ʾngwžd* /angužad/)
  - → Old Armenian: *անգուժատ (*angužat)
    - Middle Armenian: անգուժատ (angužat)
    - ⇒ Old Armenian: անգուժատ-ա-բեր (angužat-a-ber)
  - → Classical Persian: انگژد‎ (angužad)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Classical Persian: انگزد‎ (anguzad), انگوزه‎ (angūza), انگدان‎ (angudān), انگیان‎ (anguyān)
  - → Arabic: أنجدان‎ (ʾanjudân)
    - → Middle Armenian: անճուտան (ančutan), անճիտան (ančitan)
  - → Middle Armenian: անգուտան (angutan), անկիտան (ankitan)

References

Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1b
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*anga-, *angu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 166
Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, issue 3, page 438
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “aṅkwaṣ(t)”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 7
Židek, Jan (2014) Tocharian Loanwords in Chinese (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta

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[1] Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1b

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*anga-, *angu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 166

[Tremblay-3] Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, issue 3, page 438

[Adams-4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “aṅkwaṣ(t)”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 7

[Židek-5] Židek, Jan (2014) Tocharian Loanwords in Chinese (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta