阿魏

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (阿魏)		阿	魏

Etymology

Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions.

Attested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan.

Compare Persian ‎ (angodān), ‎ (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ(ṭ), Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان‎ (ʾanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian ‎ (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”).

This term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ēwèi, āwèi

(Zhuyin): ㄜㄨㄟˋ, ㄚㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): o¹ ngai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ēwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄜㄨㄟˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ewey
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵ u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: āwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄨㄟˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: awey
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: o¹ ngai⁶
  - Yale: ō ngaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: o¹ ngai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: o¹ ngei⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ ŋʉi^H/▼

Rime
Character	阿	魏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏何切	魚貴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/ŋʉi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/ŋʷɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/ŋiuəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/ŋuj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/ŋiuəi^H/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/ŋĭwəi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/ŋwe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	wèi

Noun

阿魏

asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida)

Synonyms

形虞 (xíngyú)

Derived terms

臭阿魏
阿魏膠／阿魏胶

阿魏酸

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