Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕapar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʕapar-

soil, dust

Descendants

Akkadian: 𒅖 (SAḪAR /eperu/)
Arabic: عَفَر‎ (ʿafar) (possibly borrowed from Ancient North Arabian)
Ethiopian:
- Amharic: አፈር (ʾäfär)
- Argobba: አፈር (afär)
- Ge'ez: አፈር (ʾäfär) (possibly borrowed from Amharic or Hebrew)
- Sebat Bet Gurage: አፈር (afär)
- Harari: አፈር (afär)
- Tigrinya: ዓፈር (ʿafär)
Northwest Semitic:
- Amarna Canaanite: ḫa-pa-ru, a-pa-ru
- Aramaic:
  - Classical Syriac: ܥܲܦܪܵܐ‎ (ʿap̄rā)
  - Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַפְרָא‎ (ʿap̄rā)
  - Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: עפרא‎ (ʿap̄rā)
- Hebrew: עָפָר‎ (ʿāpār)
- Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎔𐎗 (ʿpr)
Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: ʾōfər (“red”)
- Hobyót: ʾóofər (“red”)
- Shehri: ʿɔ́fər (“red”)
- Soqotri: ʿáfer (“red”)
- Harsusi: ʾáfer (“red”)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011), “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189

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