Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯawr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Borrowed from or into Proto-Indo-European *táwros, or both originated from a common unknown source; compare Latin taurus, Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros), Lithuanian tauras, Old Church Slavonic тоуръ (turŭ), Welsh tarw, Old Irish tarb.

Noun

*ṯawr-

bull, ox

Inflection

Declension of *ṯawr-

possessive forms
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*θawru(m)	*θawrā(ni)	*θawrū(na)
Genitive	*θawri(m)	*θawray(ni)	*θawrī(na)
Accusative	*θawra(m)	*θawray(ni)	*θawrī(na)
1st c. sg. (my)	θawriya	1st c. pl. (our)	θawrVnā
2nd m. sg. (your)	θawrVkā	2nd m. pl. (your)	θawrVkumū
2nd f. sg. (your)	θawrVkī	2nd f. pl. (your)	θawrVkinnā
3rd m. sg. (his)	θawrVhū	3rd m. pl. (their)	θawrVhummū
3rd f. sg. (her)	θawrVšā	3rd f. pl. (their)	θawrVšinnā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒋗𒌑𒊒 (šūru)
- Eblaite: 𒄞𒌉 (šu-lum [GU₄.TUR])
West Semitic:
- Arabic: ثَوْر‎ (ṯawr)
  - Egyptian Arabic: تور‎ (tōr)
  - Gulf Arabic: ثور‎ (ṯōr)
- Aramaic:
  Syriac: ܬܘܪܐ‎ (tawrā)
  
  Hebrew: תורא‎ (tawrā)
- Hebrew: שׁוֹר‎ (šōr)
- Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎗 (ṯr)
South Semitic
- Ge'ez: ሶር (sor)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Minaean: 𐩻𐩥𐩧‎ (ṯwr)
  - Qatabanian: 𐩻𐩥𐩧‎ (ṯwr)
  - Sabaean: 𐩻𐩥𐩧‎ (ṯwr), 𐩻𐩧‎ (ṯr)
- Tigre: ሶር (sor)
- Tigrinya: ሶር (sor)
- → Middle Persian:
  Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (twwr /*tawar/, “bull, ox”)
  - Persian: تاول‎ (tāvel, “bull, ox”) (obsolete)
- → Old Uyghur: livestock, goods (tʾβʾr)

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