< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běda
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Normally derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *baidāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoydʰeh₂, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”). Cognate with Albanian be f (“oath”), Proto-Germanic *bīdaną, Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō), Latin foedus.
Derksen also relates the lemma to Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”), Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”), which he derives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰēdʰeh₂ in order to explain the intonation of Baltic cognates. The later seems to be related to Sanskrit बाध (bādha, “oppression”). It is possible that the two forms conflated in ancient times.
Inflection
Declension of *bě̄dà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bě̄dà | *bě̃dě | *bě̄dỳ |
| Accusative | *bě̄dǫ̀ | *bě̃dě | *bě̄dỳ |
| Genitive | *bě̄dỳ | *bě̄dù | *bě̃dъ |
| Locative | *bě̄dě̀ | *bě̄dù | *bě̄dàsъ, *bě̄dàxъ* |
| Dative | *bě̄dě̀ | *bě̄dàma | *bě̄dàmъ |
| Instrumental | *bě̄dòjǫ, *bě̃dǫ** | *bě̄dàma | *bě̄dàmī |
| Vocative | *bědo | *bě̃dě | *bě̄dỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *bědьnъ (“poor”)
- *bědьstvьje (“disaster”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “беда”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1975), “*běda”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 02, Moscow: Nauka, page 54
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bě̄dà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38: “f. ā (b) ‘need, poverty, misery’”
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “Proto-Slavic/běda”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “běda -y”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 78; PR 135)”
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