< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Per Derksen and Vasmer, from earlier *dьrg-ěti, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- or *der-.
- Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:
- *dʰer-: Lithuanian derė́ti, Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”), Latin firmus, Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)
- *der-: Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai), Attic δράττομαι (dráttomai, “to seize, to grab”), which is (per Vasmer) cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”), from [extension of] Proto-Indo-European *der- (> *dьrati (“to tear”)).
- Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:
- Trubachev discusses the above etymology but discounts it in favor of reconstructing earlier *dьrz-jati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. But usually suffix -ja- is found in verbs derived from -i- + *-ati. Conjugation -ja/i- or -ja/j-? is unusual (unless it was influenced by -ě/i-).
Inflection
Conjugation of *dьržati (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dьržanьje | *dьržati | *dьržatъ | *dьržalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dьržanъ | *dьržimъ |
| Active | *dьržavъ | *dьržę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьržaxъ | *dьrža | *dьrža | *dьržǫ | *dьržiši | *dьržitь |
| Dual | *dьržaxově | *dьržasta | *dьržaste | *dьrživě | *dьržita | *dьržite |
| Plural | *dьržaxomъ | *dьržaste | *dьržašę | *dьržimъ | *dьržite | *dьržętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьržaaxъ | *dьržaaše | *dьržaaše | — | *dьrži | *dьrži |
| Dual | *dьržaaxově | *dьržaašeta | *dьržaašete | *dьrživě | *dьržita | — |
| Plural | *dьržaaxomъ | *dьržaašete | *dьržaaxǫ | *dьržimъ | *dьržite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “держа́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “держа́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 243–244
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьržati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 05, Moscow: Nauka, page 230
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьržati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137: “v. (c) ‘hold’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dьržati: dьržjǫ dьržitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c holde (PR 139)”
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