Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gadati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, the most plausible origin is Proto-Indo-European *gʰōd-, from the root *gʰed-, with cognates Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to contain”), Latin prehendō (“to seize, to take”), Old Norse geta (“to get, to learn, to guess”). Derksen also mentions the possibility, accepted by Vasmer, that this verb is linked with the synonymous Proto-Slavic verb *gatàti from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“to say, to speak”), as in Gothic qiþan (qiþan), English quoth, possibly also Sanskrit गदति (gádati) (perhaps originating from a mixture of *gat- with वदति (vádati)). A third possibility mentioned by Derksen is a link with *goditi (“to please”), Latvian gadît (“to happen to find”). Derksen accepts Winter's law and thus must reconstruct a PIE root Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- for these words. Chernykh, however, who believes in the connection with these words, prefers to reconstruct *gʰed-, and links these words with Old Norse geta (see above), and perhaps as well as Latin prehendō (see above). Chernykh also adds as cognates dialectal Lithuanian godóti (“to honor, to respect, to think, to believe”), godẽlė (“thought, guess”), gùosti (“to care”), Latvian gãdât (“to care”).
Inflection
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*gadanьje | *gadati | *gadatъ | *gadalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *gadanъ | *gadajemъ |
Active | *gadavъ | *gadaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *gadaxъ | *gada | *gada | *gadajǫ | *gadaješi | *gadajetь |
Dual | *gadaxově | *gadasta | *gadaste | *gadajevě | *gadajeta | *gadajete |
Plural | *gadaxomъ | *gadaste | *gadašę | *gadajemъ | *gadajete | *gadajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *gadaaxъ | *gadaaše | *gadaaše | — | *gadaji | *gadaji |
Dual | *gadaaxově | *gadaašeta | *gadaašete | *gadajivě | *gadajita | — |
Plural | *gadaaxomъ | *gadaašete | *gadaaxǫ | *gadajimъ | *gadajite | — |
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: гадати (gadati)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гадати (gadati)
- Belarusian: гада́ць (hadácʹ)
- Russian: гада́ть (gadátʹ)
- Ukrainian: гада́ти (hadáty)
- Old East Slavic: гадати (gadati)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “гада́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 175–176
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гада́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gadati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 06, Moscow: Nauka, page 77
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gādàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “v. ‘guess’”