< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/groziti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-. Cognate with Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”). Vasmer adds as possible candidates Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), Γοργώ (Gorgṓ, “gorgon”), Irish garg, gargg (“harsh, wild”), gráin (“disgrace”) < *gragnis; however, Derksen rejects the comparison with γοργός (gorgós) as "formally impossible". Chernykh notes that Lithuanian grasà (“threat”), grasùs (“threatening”), grasìnti (“to threaten”) are often given as cognates, but the comparison is difficult because of the mismatch between Lithuanian s and Slavic *z.
Inflection
Conjugation of *groziti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *groženьje | *groziti | *grozitъ | *grozilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *groženъ | *grozimъ |
| Active | *grožь | *grozę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grozixъ | *grozi | *grozi | *grožǫ | *groziši | *grozitь |
| Dual | *grozixově | *grozista | *groziste | *grozivě | *grozita | *grozite |
| Plural | *grozixomъ | *groziste | *grozišę | *grozimъ | *grozite | *grozętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grožaaxъ | *grožaaše | *grožaaše | — | *grozi | *grozi |
| Dual | *grožaaxově | *grožaašeta | *grožaašete | *grozivě | *grozita | — |
| Plural | *grožaaxomъ | *grožaašete | *grožaaxǫ | *grozimъ | *grozite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*grozivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “гроза́”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 219
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*groziti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 143
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гроза́”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*grozìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191: “v. (c) ‘threaten’”
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