< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kajati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Per Derksen, Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōy-, from the root *kʷey-. Cognate with *cěnà (“price, value”), which is an exact reflex of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penance, penalty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (kaēnā, “penance, penalty, punishment, revenge”). Also cognate with Sanskrit चयते (cáyate, “to avenge, to punish”), Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬌𐬌- (kāii-, “to repent”), 𐬗𐬌𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬝 (cikaiiat̰, “to cause to repent, to avenge, to punish”), Ancient Greek τίνω (tínō, “to cry, to repent”) (Homeric τῑ́νω (tī́nō)).
- Per Rix (LIV), cognate with *čàjati (“to expect, to wait”), from a different Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (“to perceive, to observe”) (this root is reconstructed as *kʷeh₁y- by Derksen).
Inflection
Conjugation of *kajati (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kajanьje | *kajati | *kajatъ | *kajalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kajanъ | *kajemъ |
| Active | *kajavъ | *kaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kajaxъ | *kaja | *kaja | *kajǫ | *kaješi | *kajetь |
| Dual | *kajaxově | *kajasta | *kajaste | *kajevě | *kajeta | *kajete |
| Plural | *kajaxomъ | *kajaste | *kajašę | *kajemъ | *kajete | *kajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kajaaxъ | *kajaaše | *kajaaše | — | *kaji | *kaji |
| Dual | *kajaaxově | *kajaašeta | *kajaašete | *kajivě | *kajita | — |
| Plural | *kajaaxomъ | *kajaašete | *kajaaxǫ | *kajimъ | *kajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: káti
- Polish: kajać
- Slovak: kajať
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: kać
- Lower Sorbian: kajaś
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “ка́яться”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 390
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 377–378
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kajati (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 09, Moscow: Nauka, page 115
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ка́ять”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219: “v. (a) ‘regret, repent’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kajati: kajǫ kajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 205, 247; PR 133)”
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