< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaunā́ˀ. Related, but not exactly cognate with Lithuanian kiáunė and Latvian caûna.
In some languages, the obsolete *kuna (“necklace, adornment, icon”), possibly borrowed from dialectal Ancient Greek κούνα (koúna), standard εἰκών (eikṓn, “image, icon”), is attested. Per Trubachev, a native formation from the devervial participle *kuti (“to forge”) + *-nъ + *-а.
Declension
Declension of *kūnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kūnà | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| Accusative | *kūnǫ̀ | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| Genitive | *kūnỳ | *kūnù | *kũnъ |
| Locative | *kūně̀ | *kūnù | *kūnàsъ, *kūnàxъ* |
| Dative | *kūně̀ | *kūnàma | *kūnàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kūnòjǫ, *kũnǫ** | *kūnàma | *kūnàmī |
| Vocative | *kuno | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *kunà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kunà | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| Accusative | *kȗnǫ | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| Genitive | *kuný | *kunù | *kũnъ |
| Locative | *kȗně | *kunù | *kunàsъ, *kunàxъ* |
| Dative | *kuně̀ | *kunàma | *kunàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kunojǫ́ | *kunàma | *kunàmi |
| Vocative | *kuno | *kȗně | *kȗny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *kunica (diminutive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 504
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “куница”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuna”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 103
- Georgiev Vl. I., editor (1986), “куна²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 133
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kuna kuny”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c mår (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kúna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kuna̋”
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