< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kupiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Causative denominal verb of *kupъ (“heap, pile”) +‎ *-iti, mostly superseded by the Germanic loanword *kupiti (“to purchase”). Akin to Lithuanian kaũpti (“to pile up, to dig up”)[1].

Verb

*kupìti impf [2]

  1. to pile, to gather in one place
Inflection
Conjugation of *kupiti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kupľenьje *kupiti *kupitъ *kupilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kupľenъ *kupimъ
Active *kupľь *kupę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kupixъ*kupi*kupi *kupľǫ*kupiši*kupitь
Dual *kupixově*kupista*kupiste *kupivě*kupita*kupite
Plural *kupixomъ*kupiste*kupišę *kupimъ*kupite*kupętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kupľaaxъ*kupľaaše*kupľaaše —*kupi*kupi
Dual *kupľaaxově*kupľaašeta*kupľaašete *kupivě*kupita—
Plural *kupľaaxomъ*kupľaašete*kupľaaxǫ *kupimъ*kupite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kupivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Derived terms
  • *sъvъkupьnostъ (“aggregate”)
  • *kupľenь (“gathering”)
    • *sъvъkupľenьje (“intercourse”)
  • *kupьnъ (“piled, gathered”)
    • *kupьno (“together, simultaneously”) (adverb)
    • *vъkupě (“altogether”) (adverb, from the original i-stem *kupь)
  • *kupьščina (“pile, assembly”)
  • *kupišče (“stack, large amount”)
  • *kupitьba (“collection”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙋпитися (kupitisja)
      • Ukrainian: ку́питися (kúpytysja)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: съвъкѹпити (sŭvŭkupiti)
      • ⇒ Russian: совокупить (sovokupitʹ, “to combine, to aggregate”)
      • ⇒ Bulgarian: съвокупля (sǎvokuplja, “to intercourse”) (formal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ку̏пити
      Latin: kȕpiti
    • Slovene: kupíti?
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kaupijaną (“to trade”) probably via Gothic (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (kaupōn)), itself from Latin caupō (“tradesman”), possibly ultimately from Hittite ḫappar (“purchase, price”)[3] (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-). The Germanic lemma is also loaned in Finnish kaupita.

Verb

*kupìti pf (imperfective *kupovati) [4][5]

  1. to buy, to trade
Inflection
Conjugation of *kupiti (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kupľenьje *kupiti *kupitъ *kupilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kupľenъ —
Active *kupľь —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kupixъ*kupi*kupi *kupľǫ*kupiši*kupitь
Dual *kupixově*kupista*kupiste *kupivě*kupita*kupite
Plural *kupixomъ*kupiste*kupišę *kupimъ*kupite*kupętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*kupi*kupi
Dual ——— *kupivě*kupita—
Plural ——— *kupimъ*kupite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kupivъ is later doublet of past active participle
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
  • *kupъ (“purchase, stock”)
    • *podъkupъ (“bribe”)
    • *otъkupъ (“ransom”)
    • *pokupъka (“purchase”)
Derived terms
  • *kupľa (“trade”)
  • *kupľьnъ (“commercial”)
  • *kupьcь (“trader, buyer”)
  • *kupьčьjь (“merchant”)
Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kaupti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “(sъ-vъ-)kupiti: -kupjǫ -kupitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b sammenfatte (PR 137)”
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάπηλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 638
  4. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kupiti: kupjǫ kupitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b købe (PR 137)”
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kupīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kupi̋ti”
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