< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kvisti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).
- Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
- Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
- Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
- Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kvisti (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kvьtenьje | *kvisti | *kvistъ | *kvьtlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kvьtenъ | *kvьtomъ |
| Active | *kvьtъ | *kvьty |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kvьt(ox)ъ | *kvьte | *kvьte | *kvьtǫ | *kvьteši | *kvьtetь |
| Dual | *kvьt(ox)ově | *kvьt(e/os)ta | *kvьt(e/os)te | *kvьtevě | *kvьteta | *kvьtete |
| Plural | *kvьt(ox)omъ | *kvьt(e/os)te | *kvьtǫ, *kvьtošę | *kvьtemъ | *kvьtete | *kvьtǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kvьtěaxъ | *kvьtěaše | *kvьtěaše | — | *kvьti | *kvьti |
| Dual | *kvьtěaxově | *kvьtěašeta | *kvьtěašete | *kvьtěvě | *kvьtěta | — |
| Plural | *kvьtěaxomъ | *kvьtěašete | *kvьtěaxǫ | *kvьtěmъ | *kvьtěte | — |
Descendants
Some descendants have generalised the present stem to the infinitive.
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “цвести́, цвету́”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 362
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “цвет”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kvisti, kvitǫ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 167
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kvisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259: “v. (c) ‘bloom, blossom’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kvisti: kvьtǫ kvьtetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blomstre (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “cvẹ̑t”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kvisti̋, sed. *kvь̏tǫ”
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