Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paportь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From reduplicated root *pa-por- +‎ *-tь with unexpected 'a', from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per-?.

Cognate with Lithuanian papártis, papar̃tis, papartу̃s (“fern”), Latvian papar̂de (“fern”), paparkste, paparksts (“fern”). Also Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spàrns (“wing”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“wing, feather”) (> Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇám), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ n (parəna)), Proto-Celtic *ɸratis (“fern”) (> Irish raith), Proto-Germanic *farnaz (“fern”) (> English fern, Old High German farn).

For the meaning compare Czech čertí péro (“fern”), Ancient Greek πτερίς (pterís, “fern”) (< πτερόν (pterón, “wing”)).

Noun

*paportь f

fern

Declension

Declension of *paportь (i-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*paportь	*paporti	*paporti
Accusative	*paportь	*paporti	*paporti
Genitive	*paporti	paportьju, paporťu^*	paportьjь, paporti^*
Locative	*paporti	paportьju, paporťu^*	*paportьxъ
Dative	*paporti	*paportьma	*paportьmъ
Instrumental	paportьjǫ, paporťǫ^*	*paportьma	*paportьmi
Vocative	*paporti	*paporti	*paporti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*pero (“feather”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: папороть (paporotĭ)
  - Belarusian: па́параць (páparacʹ)
    - ⇒ Belarusian: па́паратнік (páparatnik)
  - Russian: па́пороть (páporotʹ)
    - ⇒ Russian: па́поротник (páporotnik)
  - Ukrainian: па́пороть (páporotʹ)

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: папрат (paprat)
- Macedonian: папрат (paprat)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: па̏пра̄т
  
  Latin: pȁprāt
- Slovene: práprot (< *paprat/*praprat)

West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kapratie
  - Czech: kapraď (< *paprať)
- Kashubian: parpac
- Polish: paproć
- Slovak: papraď, kapradie, papradie
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: paproś
  - Upper Sorbian: paproć

References

Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “па́пороть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “папоротник”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 4

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