< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Per Vasmer, probably onomatopoeic (alternatively, related to Old Norse fǫnn (“snowdrift”) < *fazn-).

Verb

*paxati

  1. to sweep
Inflection
Conjugation of *paxati (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*paxanьje *paxati *paxatъ *paxalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *paxanъ *pašemъ
Active *paxavъ *pašę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *paxaxъ*paxa*paxa *pašǫ*pašeši*pašetь
Dual *paxaxově*paxasta*paxaste *paševě*pašeta*pašete
Plural *paxaxomъ*paxaste*paxašę *pašemъ*pašete*pašǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *paxaaxъ*paxaaše*paxaaše —*paši*paši
Dual *paxaaxově*paxaašeta*paxaašete *pašivě*pašita—
Plural *paxaaxomъ*paxaašete*paxaaxǫ *pašimъ*pašite—
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: пахати (paxati, “to wave, to agitate”)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: па́хам (páham, “to sweep, to clean”)
    • Macedonian: пае (pae, “to dry, to air”) (?)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: па̏хати (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. па̏ха̄м; па́хати (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. па̑ше̄м
      Latin: pȁxati (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. pȁxām; páxati (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. pȃšēm
    • Slovene: páhati (“to dust, to brush off”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȃham (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: pachać (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)
      • Lower Sorbian: pachaś (“to brush away”)

References
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*paxati I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “паха́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Unclear. Derksen suggests a vaguely possible relationship with *pasti (“to pasture”), but notes that the accentual properties of the root don't match. Chernykh suggests the same relationship. Vasmer conjectures a relationship with Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”), possibly < *pastlā, pastinum (“hoe for digging and loosening a vineyard”), and/or with Ossetian фадын (fadyn, “to split”), Old Armenian հատանեմ (hatanem, “to cut off, to cut into pieces”), հատու (hatu, “piercing, sharp”). Vasmer also notes that a relationship with *paxati (“to sweep”) is conceivable by taking into account the nature of the Russian plow, whose blade sweeps the soil aside.

Verb

*pāxàti

  1. to plow? to perform? to herd cattle? to dig?
Inflection
Conjugation of *paxati (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*paxanьje *paxati *paxatъ *paxalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *paxanъ *pašemъ
Active *paxavъ *pašę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *paxaxъ*paxa*paxa *pašǫ*pašeši*pašetь
Dual *paxaxově*paxasta*paxaste *paševě*pašeta*pašete
Plural *paxaxomъ*paxaste*paxašę *pašemъ*pašete*pašǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *paxaaxъ*paxaaše*paxaaše —*paši*paši
Dual *paxaaxově*paxaašeta*paxaašete *pašivě*pašita—
Plural *paxaaxomъ*paxaašete*paxaaxǫ *pašimъ*pašite—
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: dialectal па́хам (páham, “to plow and sow”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: páchat (“to do, to make, (dialectal) to herd cattle”)
    • Polish: pachać (“to dig, to cause harm”)
    • Slovak: páchať (“to accomplish, to perform”)

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “паха́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 14
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pāxàti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “паха́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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