< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *sǫdьji (Chernykh)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₁, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-ih₁. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit सम्धि (samdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).

Per Derksen, *sǫdì already had word-final accent before the operation of Dybo's law (*sǫ- still behaved as a prefix) and hence *sǫ- remained short. Russian судья́ (sudʹjá) reflects *sǫdьjà from earlier *sǫdь̀ja by Dybo's law.

Noun

*sǫdì m

  1. judge

Inflection

Accent paradigm b.

Declension of *sǫdì (ī-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *sǫdì *sǫdi *sǫdę̇
Accusative *sǫdǫ *sǫdi *sǫdę̇
Genitive *sǫdę̇ *sǫdu *sǫdь
Locative *sǫdi *sǫdu *sǫdasъ, *sǫdaxъ*
Dative *sǫdi *sǫdama *sǫdamъ
Instrumental *sǫdejǫ, *sǫdǫ** *sǫdama *sǫdami
Vocative *sǫde *sǫdi *sǫdę̇
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: сꙋди (sudi), сꙋдии (sudii), сꙋдиꙗ (sudija)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá)
    • Macedonian: судија (sudija)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: су̀дија
      Latin: sùdija
    • Slovene: sọ́dij, sọ́dja (tonal orthography)

References
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “судья́”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “суд”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 216
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “судья́”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
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