Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *sǫdì +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*sǭdìti impf

to judge

Inflection

Conjugation of *sǫditi (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sǫďenьje	*sǫditi	*sǫditъ	*sǫdilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sǫďenъ	*sǫdimъ
Active	*sǫďь	*sǫdę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sǫdixъ	*sǫdi	*sǫdi	*sǫďǫ	*sǫdiši	*sǫditь
Dual	*sǫdixově	*sǫdista	*sǫdiste	*sǫdivě	*sǫdita	*sǫdite
Plural	*sǫdixomъ	*sǫdiste	*sǫdišę	*sǫdimъ	*sǫdite	*sǫdętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sǫďaaxъ	*sǫďaaše	*sǫďaaše	—	*sǫdi	*sǫdi
Dual	*sǫďaaxově	*sǫďaašeta	*sǫďaašete	*sǫdivě	*sǫdita	—
Plural	*sǫďaaxomъ	*sǫďaašete	*sǫďaaxǫ	*sǫdimъ	*sǫdite	—

(*)*sǫdivъ is later doublet of past active participle

Related terms

*sǫdì (“judge”)

*sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сꙋдити (suditi)
  - Belarusian: судзі́ць (sudzícʹ), 1sg. суджу́ (sudžú)
  - Russian: суди́ть (sudítʹ), 1sg. сужу́ (sužú), 3sg. су́дит (súdit)
  - Ukrainian: суди́ти (sudýty), 1sg. суджу́ (sudžú)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: сѫдити (sǫditi), 1sg. сѫждѫ (sǫždǫ)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)
- Macedonian: суди (sudi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: су́дити, 1sg. су̑дӣм
  
  Latin: súditi, 1sg. sȗdīm
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): sūdȉti, 2sg. sũdiš
- Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography), 1sg. sọ́dim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Old Czech: súditi
  - Czech: soudit
- Polish: sądzić, (obsolete) sędzić
- Slovak: súdiť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: sudźić
  - Lower Sorbian: suźiś

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 463
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “суди́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “суд”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 216

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