< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/terti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *terˀ- / *tirˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian trìnti (“to rub”), 1sg. trinù, tìrti (“to investigate”), 1sg. tiriù and Latvian trĩt (“to sharpen”), 1sg. trinu.

Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek τείρω (teírō, “to oppress, to weaken”), Latin terere (“to rub”), Old High German drāen (“to turn”), Old Armenian թրեմ (tʿrem, “to knead”).

Verb

*tèrti impf [1][2]

  1. to rub
  2. to polish

Inflection
Conjugation of *terti (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tьrtьje *terti *tertъ *tьrlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tьrtъ *tьromъ
Active *tьrъ *tьry
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *terxъ*ter*ter *tьrǫ*tьreši*tьretь
Dual *terxově*tersta*terste *tьrevě*tьreta*tьrete
Plural *terxomъ*terste*teršę *tьremъ*tьrete*tьrǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *tьrěaxъ*tьrěaše*tьrěaše —*tьri*tьri
Dual *tьrěaxově*tьrěašeta*tьrěašete *tьrěvě*tьrěta—
Plural *tьrěaxomъ*tьrěašete*tьrěaxǫ *tьrěmъ*tьrěte—
    Notes:
  • (*)*tьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
  • *těrati (“to seek, to chase”)
  • *tьrkati (“to scrub”)
  • *tьrka (“scrubber”)
  • *trivati (“to crush”)
  • *trivadlo (“grater, eraser”)
  • *trivъka (“cloth wiper”)

Descendants
  • Church Slavonic: трѣти (trěti) (Serbian)
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: три́я (tríja)
    • Macedonian: трие (trie)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: тр̏ти
      Latin: tȑti
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): tȑti
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): tȑt
    • Slovene: trẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: třieti
    • Polish: trzeć
    • Slovak: trieť
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: trěć
      • Lower Sorbian: trěś

Further reading
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “тере́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “тере́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 237–238

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tèrti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “v. ‘rub’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “trẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*te̋rti, sed. *tьrǫ̋”
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