< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvarogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably related to *tvoriti, Old Church Slavonic творъ (tvorŭ, “form”), Russian утво́р (utvór, “leaven, ferment”), Czech tvořidlo (“container for cheesemaking”). Morphologically *tvar- +‎ *-ogъ. For meaning compare French fromage, Italian formaggio.

Unlikely from Turkic language (compare Chagatai [script needed] (turak, “cheese”)).[1]

Noun

*tvarogъ m

  1. quark (soft creamy cheese)

Inflection
Declension of *tvarogъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *tvarogъ *tvaroga *tvarodzi
Accusative *tvarogъ *tvaroga *tvarogy
Genitive *tvaroga *tvarogu *tvarogъ
Locative *tvarodzě *tvarogu *tvarodzěxъ
Dative *tvarogu *tvarogoma *tvarogomъ
Instrumental *tvarogъmь, *tvarogomь* *tvarogoma *tvarogy
Vocative *tvarože *tvaroga *tvarodzi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also

Descendants
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: tvaroh
    • Polish: twaróg
    • Slovak: tvaroh
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: twaroh
      • Lower Sorbian: twarog
    • → Middle High German: twarc
    • → German Low German: Dwarg
      • → Plautdietsch: Dwoaj

References
  • “Quark” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “творог”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “творог”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 231
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “творог”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  1. Die slavischen Sprachen / The Slavic Languages, volume 2 (2014, →ISBN)
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