Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/užasъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*užěsъ (attested in Psalterium Sinaiticum)
*užastь (attested in East Slavic)

Etymology

Per Derksen, from *u- +‎ *žasiti (“to frighten”).

Further reconstruction is problematic. For morphological reasons, the term is normally compared with *gasiti (“to extinguish”), however, this relation is semantically dubious. A derivation from *gʷeh₁dʰ- (“to creep”) + *-tis is also possible, but then the expected form would be *užastь (attested in East Slavic). From the later root descend Proto-Slavic *gadъ (“reptile”), Lithuanian gėda (“shame”), Proto-Germanic *kwēdą (“evil”).

Noun

*užasъ m

Declension

Declension of *užasъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*užasъ	*užasa	*užasi
Accusative	*užasъ	*užasa	*užasy
Genitive	*užasa	*užasu	*užasъ
Locative	*užasě	*užasu	*užasěxъ
Dative	*užasu	*užasoma	*užasomъ
Instrumental	užasъmь, užasomь^*	*užasoma	*užasy
Vocative	*užase	*užasa	*užasi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*žasiti
*žasnǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)
  - Russian: ужас (užas)
  - Ukrainian: жа́х (žáx)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: оужасъ (užasŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱆⰶⰰⱄⱏ (užasŭ)
- Bulgarian: ужас (užas)
- Macedonian: ужас (užas)
- Serbo-Croatian: užas, у̏жа̄с

West Slavic:
- Czech: užаs
- Slovak: užаs

References

Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ужас”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress, page 4151
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*užasъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511

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