San
See also: Appendix:Variations of "san"
English
Etymology 1
As a synonym of Bushmen introduced in modern ethnology from the 1960s, from Nama saan (singular saa), via back-formation from Khoisan. Occasional citation as the Nama term for "Bushmen" from the 1880s.[1]
Proper noun
San (uncountable) (plurale tantum)
Alternative forms
Synonyms
Usage notes
- San is the plural form, used for the group collectively. Individuals are referred to as "a San man", "a San woman" etc., although when referring to individuals, reference to their specific nation is preferable (as in, "a ǃKung man" etc.).
- San became popular in 1970s western anthropology as a politically correct replacement for "Bushmen", which was perceived as outdated. However, it turned out that San was a derogatory term for "foragers" used by the pastoralist Khoikhoi, while "Bushman" carried no derogatory connotations, so that experts who had been in actual contact with the group recommended the continued use of "Bushmen" (Henry Harpending). By the 2000s, it was reported that San had mostly lost its derogatory connotations in South Africa and was partly embraced as self-designation, while it continued to be perceived as an insult in parts of the central Kalahari in Namibia.[2]
Proper noun
San
- A river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine.
References
- Theophilus Hahn (1881) Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi, page 3:
- The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language […] While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men, i.e. men par excellence), they called those other tribes Sā, the Sonqua of the Cape Records […] We should apply the term Hottentot to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the Khoikhoi, the so-calle Hottentot proper; the other the Sān (Sā) or Bushmen.
- Richard B. Lee (2012) The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi, 4th edition, Cengage Learning, page 9
Asturian
Catalan
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sˠanˠ]
Noun
San (indeclinable)
- (Christianity) Saint (title)
- Synonym: Naomh
- San Doiminic ― St. Dominic
- San Caitríona ― St. Catherine
- San Nioclás ― St. Nicholas, Santa Claus
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /san/
audio (file)
Declension
Turkish
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