abreuver

French

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *abbiberō, from Latin bibō (“to drink”) (/abiberāre/ > /abirebāre/ > /abirebair/ > /abreββer/ > /abreuver/ > /abrœve/).

  • In Vulgar Latin, the word is *abiberāre
  • It underwent metathesis, changing from *abiberāre to *abirebāre, also because of dissimilation.
  • The "i" disappeared.
  • The second "b" softened and became [β], and then became /wv/, making the word *abrewver > abreuver, where:
    • The ending -āre regularly gave rise to -er, and at this moment:
    • the spelling abreuver was established.
  • Then, the "eu" regularly became [œ], and the final "r" regularly became silent.

Compare Italian abbeverare, Portuguese abeberar, Spanish abrevar.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /a.bʁœ.ve/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

abreuver

  1. (literary) to water (cattle, fields etc.), give water to (a person)
    Synonym: arroser
  2. (literary, takes a reflexive pronoun) to drink
  3. (figuratively, ditransitive, with the indirect object taking de) to shower (someone) in
    Elle l'a abreuvé d'injures. ― She insulted him copiously.

Conjugation
Conjugation of abreuver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle abreuvant
/a.bʁœ.vɑ̃/
past participle abreuvé
/a.bʁœ.ve/
infinitive
simple abreuver
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple abreuvant
/a.bʁœ.vɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present abreuve
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuves
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuve
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuvons
/a.bʁœ.vɔ̃/		 abreuvez
/a.bʁœ.ve/		 abreuvent
/a.bʁœv/
imperfect abreuvais
/a.bʁœ.vɛ/		 abreuvais
/a.bʁœ.vɛ/		 abreuvait
/a.bʁœ.vɛ/		 abreuvions
/a.bʁœ.vjɔ̃/		 abreuviez
/a.bʁœ.vje/		 abreuvaient
/a.bʁœ.vɛ/
past historic2 abreuvai
/a.bʁœ.ve/		 abreuvas
/a.bʁœ.va/		 abreuva
/a.bʁœ.va/		 abreuvâmes
/a.bʁœ.vam/		 abreuvâtes
/a.bʁœ.vat/		 abreuvèrent
/a.bʁœ.vɛʁ/
future abreuverai
/a.bʁœ.vʁe/		 abreuveras
/a.bʁœ.vʁa/		 abreuvera
/a.bʁœ.vʁa/		 abreuverons
/a.bʁœ.vʁɔ̃/		 abreuverez
/a.bʁœ.vʁe/		 abreuveront
/a.bʁœ.vʁɔ̃/
conditional abreuverais
/a.bʁœ.vʁɛ/		 abreuverais
/a.bʁœ.vʁɛ/		 abreuverait
/a.bʁœ.vʁɛ/		 abreuverions
/a.bʁœ.və.ʁjɔ̃/		 abreuveriez
/a.bʁœ.və.ʁje/		 abreuveraient
/a.bʁœ.vʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present abreuve
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuves
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuve
/a.bʁœv/		 abreuvions
/a.bʁœ.vjɔ̃/		 abreuviez
/a.bʁœ.vje/		 abreuvent
/a.bʁœv/
imperfect2 abreuvasse
/a.bʁœ.vas/		 abreuvasses
/a.bʁœ.vas/		 abreuvât
/a.bʁœ.va/		 abreuvassions
/a.bʁœ.va.sjɔ̃/		 abreuvassiez
/a.bʁœ.va.sje/		 abreuvassent
/a.bʁœ.vas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — abreuve
/a.bʁœv/		 — abreuvons
/a.bʁœ.vɔ̃/		 abreuvez
/a.bʁœ.ve/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading
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