breken
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch brēken, from Old Dutch *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbreːkə(n)/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -eːkən
Inflection
| Inflection of breken (strong class 4) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | breken | |||
| past singular | brak | |||
| past participle | gebroken | |||
| infinitive | breken | |||
| gerund | breken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | breek | brak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | breekt | brak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | breekt | brak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | breekt | braakt | ||
| 3rd person singular | breekt | brak | ||
| plural | breken | braken | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | breke | brake | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | breken | braken | ||
| imperative sing. | breek | |||
| imperative plur.1 | breekt | |||
| participles | brekend | gebroken | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Low German
Etymology
From Middle Low German brēken, from Old Saxon brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Cognate to Plautdietsch bräken, Dutch breken, German brechen, West Frisian brekke, English break, Danish brække.
Alternative forms
- bräken
- briäken
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [breːkⁿŋ̩]
Verb
breken (third-person singular simple present brickt, past tense brook, past participle braken, auxiliary verb hebben)
- to break
Conjugation
Conjugation of breken (class 4 strong verb)
| infinitive | breken | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | breek | brook |
| 2nd person singular | bricks(t) | brooks(t) |
| 3rd person singular | brick(t) | brook |
| plural | breekt, breeken | broken |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | breek | |
| plural | breekt | |
| participle | present | past |
| breken | (e)braken, gebraken | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
Verb
brēken
Inflection
| Strong class 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | brēken | |
| 3rd sg. past | brac | |
| 3rd pl. past | brâken | |
| Past participle | gebroken | |
| Infinitive | brēken | |
| In genitive | brēkens | |
| In dative | brēkene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | brēke | brac |
| 2nd singular | brēecs, brēkes | brâecs, brâkes |
| 3rd singular | brēect, brēket | brac |
| 1st plural | brēken | brâken |
| 2nd plural | brēect, brēket | brâect, brâket |
| 3rd plural | brēken | brâken |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | brēke | brâke |
| 2nd singular | brēecs, brēkes | brâkes |
| 3rd singular | brēke | brâke |
| 1st plural | brēken | brâken |
| 2nd plural | brēect, brēket | brâket |
| 3rd plural | brēken | brâken |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | brec, brēec, brēke | |
| Plural | brēect, brēket | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | brēkende | gebroken |
Descendants
- Dutch: breken
- Limburgish: braeke
Further reading
- “breken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “breken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English brecan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrɛːkən/
Conjugation
Conjugation of breken (strong class 4)
| infinitive | (to) breken | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | breke | brak(e) |
| 2nd person singular | brekest | brakest |
| 3rd person singular | brekeþ | brak(e) |
| plural | brekeþ, breken | braken |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| singular | breke | brake |
| plural | breken | braken |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | breke, breek | |
| plural | brekeþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| brekende, brekinge | (y)broken | |
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