céler
See also: celer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se.le/
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written céler-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written cèler-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of céler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | céler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | célant /se.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | célé /se.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
célons /se.lɔ̃/ |
célez /se.le/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect | célais /se.lɛ/ |
célais /se.lɛ/ |
célait /se.lɛ/ |
célions /se.ljɔ̃/ |
céliez /se.lje/ |
célaient /se.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | célai /se.le/ |
célas /se.la/ |
céla /se.la/ |
célâmes /se.lam/ |
célâtes /se.lat/ |
célèrent /se.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | cèlerai or célerai /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleras or céleras /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlera or célera /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlerons or célerons /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ |
cèlerez or célerez /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleront or céleront /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cèlerais or célerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerais or célerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerait or célerait /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerions or célerions /sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cèleriez or céleriez /sɛ.lə.ʁje/ |
cèleraient or céleraient /sɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
célions /se.ljɔ̃/ |
céliez /se.lje/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | célasse /se.las/ |
célasses /se.las/ |
célât /se.la/ |
célassions /se.la.sjɔ̃/ |
célassiez /se.la.sje/ |
célassent /se.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cèle /sɛl/ |
— | célons /se.lɔ̃/ |
célez /se.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “céler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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