celer
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡sɛlɛr/
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sə.le/
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il cèle rather than *il cele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | celant /sə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | celé /sə.le/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | celer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | celant /sə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
celons /sə.lɔ̃/ |
celez /sə.le/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect | celais /sə.lɛ/ |
celais /sə.lɛ/ |
celait /sə.lɛ/ |
celions /sə.ljɔ̃/ |
celiez /sə.lje/ |
celaient /sə.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | celai /sə.le/ |
celas /sə.la/ |
cela /sə.la/ |
celâmes /sə.lam/ |
celâtes /sə.lat/ |
celèrent /sə.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | cèlerai /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleras /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlera /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlerons /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ |
cèlerez /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleront /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerait /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerions /sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cèleriez /sɛ.lə.ʁje/ |
cèleraient /sɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
celions /sə.ljɔ̃/ |
celiez /sə.lje/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | celasse /sə.las/ |
celasses /sə.las/ |
celât /sə.la/ |
celassions /sə.la.sjɔ̃/ |
celassiez /sə.la.sje/ |
celassent /sə.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cèle /sɛl/ |
— | celons /sə.lɔ̃/ |
celez /sə.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
Further reading
- “celer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Etymology
From cellō, from Proto-Indo-European *kel-. Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈke.ler/, [ˈkɛ.ɫɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.ler/, [ˈt͡ʃeː.ler]
Adjective
celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus); third declension
Declension
Third declension, nominative masculine singular in -er, nominative neuter singular in -e.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | celer | celeris | celere | celerēs | celerēs | celeria | |
| Genitive | celeris | celeris | celeris | celerium | celerium | celerium | |
| Dative | celerī | celerī | celerī | celeribus | celeribus | celeribus | |
| Accusative | celerem | celerem | celere | celerēs | celerēs | celeria | |
| Ablative | celerī | celerī | celerī | celeribus | celeribus | celeribus | |
| Vocative | celer | celeris | celere | celerēs | celerēs | celeria | |
Antonyms
- (fast, swift): lentus
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- celer in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- celer in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- celer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- celer in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- celer in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Middle French
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of celer
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | celer | avoir celé | |||||
| gerund | en celant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | celant | ||||||
| past participle | celé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | cele | celes | cele | celons | celez | celent |
| imperfect | celois, celoys | celois, celoys | celoit, celoyt | celions, celyons | celiez, celyez | celoient, celoyent | |
| past historic | cela | celas | cela | celasmes | celastes | celerent | |
| future | celerai, celeray | celeras | celera | celerons | celerez | celeront | |
| conditional | celerois, celeroys | celerois, celeroys | celeroit, celeroyt | celerions, celeryons | celeriez, celeryez | celeroient, celeroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | cele | celes | cele | celons | celez | celent |
| imperfect | celasse | celasses | celast | celassions | celassiez | celassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | cele | — | celons | celez | — | ||
Old French
Verb
celer
- to conceal
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Mes dites moi, nel me celez
- But tell me, do not hide it from me
- Mes dites moi, nel me celez
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | celer | avoir celé | |||||
| gerund | en celant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | celant | ||||||
| past participle | celé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | çoil | çoiles | çoile | celons | celez | çoilent |
| imperfect | celoie, celeie, celoe, celeve | celoies, celeies, celoes, celeves | celoit, celeit, celot, celeve | celiiens, celiens | celiiez, celiez | celoient, celeient, celoent, celevent | |
| preterite | celai | celas | cela | celames | celastes | celerent | |
| future | celerai | celeras | celera | celerons | celeroiz, celereiz, celerez | celeront | |
| conditional | celeroie, celereie | celeroies, celereies | celeroit, celereit | celeriiens, celeriens | celeriiez, celeriez | celeroient, celereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | çoil | çouz | çout | celons | celez | çoilent |
| imperfect | celasse | celasses | celast | celissons, celissiens | celissoiz, celissez, celissiez | celassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | çoile | — | celons | celez | — | ||
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tsêler/
- Hyphenation: ce‧ler
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