caballus
Latin
Etymology
Disputed. Generally believed[1] to be from Gaulish/Transalpine Gaulish caballos.[2]. This term is cognate to Welsh ceffyl,[3][1] Manx cabbyl,[1] Scottish Gaelic and Irish capall.[1]
Also compared is Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “nag”), in turn possibly a borrowing from a Balkan, Anatolian, or northeast European language. Compare Turkish kaval, adjunct of at (“horse”), Proto-Slavic *kobýla.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kaˈbal.lus/, [kaˈbal.lʊs]
Noun
caballus m (genitive caballī); second declension
- (Late Latin) horse; nag
- pack-horse, jade, hack
Usage notes
- In Classical Latin, the word equus is used for a horse, and caballus is used only by poets. It is only later, in Vulgar and Late Latin, that caballus appears in prose.
Inflection
Second declension.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | caballus | caballī |
| Genitive | caballī | caballōrum |
| Dative | caballō | caballīs |
| Accusative | caballum | caballōs |
| Ablative | caballō | caballīs |
| Vocative | caballe | caballī |
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Albanian: kalë
- Aromanian: cal
- Corsican: cavaddu, cavallu
- Gallurese: cabaddu, caddu
- Dalmatian: cavul
- Emilian: cavàl
- Extremaduran: cavallu
- Franco-Provençal: chavel
- Friulian: cjaval, čhaval
- Istro-Romanian: co
- Istriot: caval
- Italian: cavallo
- → Alemannic German: Kawall
- → Greek: καβάλος (kaválos)
- Ladin: ciaval
- Ligurian: cavallo
- Lombard: càal
- Navarro-Aragonese:
- Aragonese: caballo
- Old French: cheval
- Old Leonese:
- Old Occitan:
- Old Portuguese: cavalo
- Old Spanish:
- Ladino: kavayo
- Spanish: caballo (see there for further descendants)
- Piedmontese: caval
- Romanian: cal
- Romansch: chaval, cavagl, tgavagl, tgaval, chavagl
- Sardinian: cadhu, caddu, cabadhu, cabaddu
- Sicilian: cavaddu
- Tagalog: kabayo
- Venetian: cavało, caval
- → Greek: καβάλα (kavála)
- ⇒ Venetian: cavałeto
- → Greek: καβαλέτο (kavaléto)
- → Albanian: kalë, kval, kol
References
- caballus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- caballus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- caballus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- caballus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Delamarre, X; Lambert, P. -Y. (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd edition, Paris: Errance, →ISBN
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