centum

See also: Centum

English

Alternative forms

Centum

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin centum (“hundred”). Its use in linguistics is due to it being a canonical example of a word retaining an original velar stop, as opposed to Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨‎ (satəm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɛntəm/ (Indo-European linguistics)
IPA^(key): /ˈsɛntəm/ (exam score)

Adjective

centum (not comparable)

(Indo-European linguistics) referring to an Indo-European language that did not produce sibilants from a series of Proto-Indo-European palatovelar stops.

Antonyms

(Indo-European linguistics): satem

Derived terms

centumization

Noun

centum (plural centums)

(India) A perfect score on a board exam.

Anagrams

cutmen

Italian

Adjective

centum (invariable)

used only in the term lingua centum

Latin

**Latin cardinal numbers**
< XCIX	C	CI >
Cardinal : centum Ordinal : centēsimus Adverbial : centiēns Multiplier : centuplex Distributive : centēnī
Latin Wikipedia article on centum

Alternative forms

Symbol: C

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kentom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Formal cognates include Sanskrit शत (śata), Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto) and Old English hund.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈken.tum/, [ˈkɛn.tũ]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃen.tum/
Audio (Classical) (file)

Numeral

centum (indeclinable)

a hundred; 100
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 4.381:
  Simul ipsa precatur Oceanumque patrem rerum Nymphasque sorores centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant.
  Together she entreats father Ocean, and the sister-nymphs who guard a hundred forests and a hundred streams.

Usage notes

The numeral centum behaves like an indeclinable adjective. See Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers for additional information.

Derived terms

Related terms

centēnārius
centēniōnālis nummus

centuriō
centuriōnus

Descendants

→ Albanian: qind
→ Arabic: سنت‎ (sant)
Aromanian: tsendu, tsentu
→ Belarusian: цэнт (cent)
→ Bulgarian: цент (cent)
→ Central Melanau: sin
Catalan: cent
Corsican: centu
→ Czech: cent
Dalmatian: ciant
→ English: centum
→ Esperanto: cent, cendo
→ Estonian: sent
- → English: sent
→ Finnish: sentti
Friulian: cent
→ German: Cent
→ Greek: σεντ (sent)
→ Icelandic: sent
→ Interlingua: cento
→ Interlingue: cent
Istriot: sento
Italian: cento
→ Japanese: セント (sento)
→ Latvian: cents
Ligurian: çénto
→ Lithuanian: centas
→ Macedonian: цент (cent)
→ Malay: sen
- Indonesian: sen
Neapolitan: ciènto
Novial: sent
Old French: cent
- → Dutch: cent
  - → Papiamentu: sèn
- → English: cent (see there for further descendants)
- Middle French: cent
  - French: cent
    - → Garifuna: san
    - Haitian Creole: san
- Walloon: cint
Old Leonese:
- Asturian: cien, cientu
- Mirandese: cient, ciento
Old Northern French: chent
- Norman: chent
Old Occitan: cent
- Occitan: cent
Old Portuguese: cen
- Galician: cen
- Portuguese: cen, cem
Old Portuguese: cento
- Galician: cento
- Portuguese: cento
Old Spanish:
- Spanish: ciento
  - ⇒ Spanish: cien
    - → Taos: si̋en, si̋eną
  - → Lake Miwok: ṣijénto
Piedmontese: sent
Romanian: cent
Romansch: tschient
→ Russian: цент (cent)
- → Armenian: ցենտ (cʿent)
Sardinian: centu, chentu, kentu
Sicilian: centu
→ Slovak: cent
→ Slovene: cent
Tarantino: cinde
→ Ukrainian: цент (cent)
Venetian: sento, zsento
→ West Coast Bajau: sin

References

centum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
centum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
centum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
centum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
- about a hundred of our men fell: nostri circiter centum ceciderunt

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