choisir
French
Etymology
From Middle French choisir, from Old French choisir, coisir (“to differentiate, see distinctly”), from Frankish *kausijan (“to choose”), from Proto-Germanic *kausijaną, *kauzijaną, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną (“to choose, taste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to choose, taste”). Cognate with Franco-Provençal chouêsir (“to choose”), Germanic cognates include Old Frisian kēra (“to elect”). Related also to Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan, “to choose, examine”), Old High German kiosan (“to choose”), Old English ċēosan (“to choose”), Old Norse kjósa (“to choose”). More at choose.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃwa.ziʁ/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: choi‧sir
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, nourrir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
present participle | choisissant /ʃwa.zi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | choisi /ʃwa.zi/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | choisir | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | choisissant /ʃwa.zi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | choisis /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisis /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisit /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisissons /ʃwa.zi.sɔ̃/ |
choisissez /ʃwa.zi.se/ |
choisissent /ʃwa.zis/ |
imperfect | choisissais /ʃwa.zi.sɛ/ |
choisissais /ʃwa.zi.sɛ/ |
choisissait /ʃwa.zi.sɛ/ |
choisissions /ʃwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
choisissiez /ʃwa.zi.sje/ |
choisissaient /ʃwa.zi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | choisis /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisis /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisit /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisîmes /ʃwa.zim/ |
choisîtes /ʃwa.zit/ |
choisirent /ʃwa.ziʁ/ | |
future | choisirai /ʃwa.zi.ʁe/ |
choisiras /ʃwa.zi.ʁa/ |
choisira /ʃwa.zi.ʁa/ |
choisirons /ʃwa.zi.ʁɔ̃/ |
choisirez /ʃwa.zi.ʁe/ |
choisiront /ʃwa.zi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | choisirais /ʃwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
choisirais /ʃwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
choisirait /ʃwa.zi.ʁɛ/ |
choisirions /ʃwa.zi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
choisiriez /ʃwa.zi.ʁje/ |
choisiraient /ʃwa.zi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | choisisse /ʃwa.zis/ |
choisisses /ʃwa.zis/ |
choisisse /ʃwa.zis/ |
choisissions /ʃwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
choisissiez /ʃwa.zi.sje/ |
choisissent /ʃwa.zis/ |
imperfect2 | choisisse /ʃwa.zis/ |
choisisses /ʃwa.zis/ |
choisît /ʃwa.zi/ |
choisissions /ʃwa.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
choisissiez /ʃwa.zi.sje/ |
choisissent /ʃwa.zis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | choisis /ʃwa.zi/ |
— | choisissons /ʃwa.zi.sɔ̃/ |
choisissez /ʃwa.zi.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “choisir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French choisir, coisir (“to differentiate, see distinctly”), from Frankish *kausjan (“to choose”), from Proto-Germanic *kauzijaną (“to choose, taste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to choose, taste”).