descendre
French
Etymology
From Middle French descendre, from Old French descendre, borrowed from Latin escendō, descendere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /de.sɑ̃dʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑ̃dr
Verb
descendre
Usage notes
- This verb uses the auxiliary verb avoir when used transitively (or with a transitive sense, even when the complement is omitted); otherwise (when it is intransitive), it uses être.
- elle a descendu les valises ― she brought down the suitcases
- il est descendu de l'armoire ― he came down from the wardrobe
Conjugation
Conjugation of descendre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | descendant /de.sɑ̃.dɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | descendu /de.sɑ̃.dy/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | descendre | ||||||
compound | être + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | descendant /de.sɑ̃.dɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
descend /de.sɑ̃/ |
descendons /de.sɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
descendez /de.sɑ̃.de/ |
descendent /de.sɑ̃d/ |
imperfect | descendais /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendais /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendait /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendions /de.sɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
descendiez /de.sɑ̃.dje/ |
descendaient /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | descendis /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendis /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendit /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendîmes /de.sɑ̃.dim/ |
descendîtes /de.sɑ̃.dit/ |
descendirent /de.sɑ̃.diʁ/ | |
future | descendrai /de.sɑ̃.dʁe/ |
descendras /de.sɑ̃.dʁa/ |
descendra /de.sɑ̃.dʁa/ |
descendrons /de.sɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
descendrez /de.sɑ̃.dʁe/ |
descendront /de.sɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | descendrais /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrais /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrait /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrions /de.sɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
descendriez /de.sɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
descendraient /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | descende /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descendes /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descende /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descendions /de.sɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
descendiez /de.sɑ̃.dje/ |
descendent /de.sɑ̃d/ |
imperfect2 | descendisse /de.sɑ̃.dis/ |
descendisses /de.sɑ̃.dis/ |
descendît /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendissions /de.sɑ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
descendissiez /de.sɑ̃.di.sje/ |
descendissent /de.sɑ̃.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
— | descendons /de.sɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
descendez /de.sɑ̃.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
(transitive)
Conjugation of descendre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | descendant /de.sɑ̃.dɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | descendu /de.sɑ̃.dy/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | descendre | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | descendant /de.sɑ̃.dɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
descend /de.sɑ̃/ |
descendons /de.sɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
descendez /de.sɑ̃.de/ |
descendent /de.sɑ̃d/ |
imperfect | descendais /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendais /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendait /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ |
descendions /de.sɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
descendiez /de.sɑ̃.dje/ |
descendaient /de.sɑ̃.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | descendis /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendis /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendit /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendîmes /de.sɑ̃.dim/ |
descendîtes /de.sɑ̃.dit/ |
descendirent /de.sɑ̃.diʁ/ | |
future | descendrai /de.sɑ̃.dʁe/ |
descendras /de.sɑ̃.dʁa/ |
descendra /de.sɑ̃.dʁa/ |
descendrons /de.sɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
descendrez /de.sɑ̃.dʁe/ |
descendront /de.sɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | descendrais /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrais /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrait /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
descendrions /de.sɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
descendriez /de.sɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
descendraient /de.sɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | descende /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descendes /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descende /de.sɑ̃d/ |
descendions /de.sɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
descendiez /de.sɑ̃.dje/ |
descendent /de.sɑ̃d/ |
imperfect2 | descendisse /de.sɑ̃.dis/ |
descendisses /de.sɑ̃.dis/ |
descendît /de.sɑ̃.di/ |
descendissions /de.sɑ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
descendissiez /de.sɑ̃.di.sje/ |
descendissent /de.sɑ̃.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | descends /de.sɑ̃/ |
— | descendons /de.sɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
descendez /de.sɑ̃.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
Further reading
- “descendre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French descendre.
Old French
Etymology
From Latin descendō, descendere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /desˈt͡sẽn.drə/, (later) /desˈt͡sãn.drə/
Verb
descendre
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of descendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | descendre | avoir descendu | |||||
gerund | en descendant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | descendant | ||||||
past participle | descendu | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | descent | descenz | descent | descendons | descendez | descendent |
imperfect | descendoie, descendeie | descendoies, descendeies | descendoit, descendeit | descendiiens, descendiens | descendiiez, descendiez | descendoient, descendeient | |
preterite | descendi | descendis | descendié | descendimes | descendistes | descendierent | |
future | descendrai | descendras | descendra | descendrons | descendroiz, descendreiz, descendrez | descendront | |
conditional | descendroie, descendreie | descendroies, descendreies | descendroit, descendreit | descendriiens, descendriens | descendriiez, descendriez | descendroient, descendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | descende | descendes | descende | descendons | descendez | descendent |
imperfect | descendisse | descendisses | descendist | descendissons, descendissiens | descendissoiz, descendissez, descendissiez | descendissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | descent | — | descendons | descendez | — |
Descendants
References
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