duine
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/
Noun
duine m (genitive singular duine, nominative plural daoine)
- person, human being
- one (in reference to human beings)
- Tá ceithre pháiste aige; tá duine acu tinn.
- He has four children; one of them is sick.
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- bainistíocht daoine
- duine ar iarraidh
- duineata
- duiniúil
- neamhdhuine
- osduine
- seanduine
Related terms
- daonna (“human; humane, kindly”, adjective)
- duineatacht (“humaneness, kindliness”)
- duiniúlacht (“humanity, kindliness”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
duine | dhuine | nduine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- "duine" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “duine” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- doén
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).
Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdunʲe/
Declension
Masculine io-stem, masculine i-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | duine | — | doíniH |
Vocative | duiniL | — | doíniH |
Accusative | duineN | — | doíniH |
Genitive | duiniL | — | doíneN |
Dative | duiniuL | — | doínib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
duine | duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
nduine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ɯɲə/
Noun
duine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine)
- man
- person, body, individual
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- Duine gun mhath gun chron, is motha a chron na a mhath. ― A man that's neither good nor ill is more ill than good.
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- husband
- one
- Is fheudar dha duine a-riamh a dh'aithneachadh na thathar a' dèanamh le fhèin an duine. ― One must always know what one is doing with oneself.
- Chan eil fios aig duine a riamh. ― One never knows.
Derived terms
- duine dubh (“Negro”)
- duin'-eigin (“somebody (male)”)
- nuair a thig air duine, thig air uile (“it never rains but it pours”)
References
- Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- “duine” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.