enfoncer

French

Etymology

en- +‎ fond +‎ -er

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

enfoncer

  1. (transitive) to push in, to press in, to drive in
  2. (transitive) to break open, to break down
    • 1846, Louis Reybaud, Jérôme Paturot‎:
      Ouvrez, ou j'enfonce la porte.
      Open up, or I'll break down the door.
  3. (transitive) to defeat, to thrash
  4. (intransitive) to sink down
  5. (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to bury oneself; to immerse oneself

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which ‘c’ is softened to a ‘ç’ before the vowels ‘a’ and ‘o’.

Conjugation of enfoncer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle enfonçant
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɑ̃/
past participle enfoncé
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/
infinitive
simple enfoncer
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple enfonçant
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfonces
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfonçons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/		 enfoncez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/		 enfoncent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/
imperfect enfonçais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/		 enfonçais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/		 enfonçait
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/		 enfoncions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/		 enfonciez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/		 enfonçaient
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/
past historic2 enfonçai
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/		 enfonças
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/		 enfonça
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/		 enfonçâmes
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sam/		 enfonçâtes
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sat/		 enfoncèrent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛʁ/
future enfoncerai
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/		 enfonceras
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/		 enfoncera
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/		 enfoncerons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/		 enfoncerez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/		 enfonceront
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/
conditional enfoncerais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/		 enfoncerais
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/		 enfoncerait
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/		 enfoncerions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/		 enfonceriez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁje/		 enfonceraient
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfonces
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 enfoncions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/		 enfonciez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/		 enfoncent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/
imperfect2 enfonçasse
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/		 enfonçasses
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/		 enfonçât
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/		 enfonçassions
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/		 enfonçassiez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sje/		 enfonçassent
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — enfonce
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/		 — enfonçons
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/		 enfoncez
/ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms
  • enfonçage

Further reading
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