estoper

Old French

Alternative forms

estuper, estouper, estopper

Verb

estoper

to stop up, block, plug
to stiffen, thicken

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ps, *-pt are modified to s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of estoper (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estoper			avoir estopé
gerund		en estopant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		estopant
past participle		estopé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estop	estopes	estope	estopons	estopez	estopent
	imperfect	estopoie, estopeie, estopoe, estopeve	estopoies, estopeies, estopoes, estopeves	estopoit, estopeit, estopot, estopeve	estopiiens, estopiens	estopiiez, estopiez	estopoient, estopeient, estopoent, estopevent
	preterite	estopai	estopas	estopa	estopames	estopastes	estoperent
	future	estoperai	estoperas	estopera	estoperons	estoperoiz, estopereiz, estoperez	estoperont
	conditional	estoperoie, estopereie	estoperoies, estopereies	estoperoit, estopereit	estoperiiens, estoperiens	estoperiiez, estoperiez	estoperoient, estopereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estop	estos	estot	estopons	estopez	estopent
simple tenses	imperfect	estopasse	estopasses	estopast	estopissons, estopissiens	estopissoiz, estopissez, estopissiez	estopassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	estope	—	estopons	estopez	—

Descendants

Middle French: estouper, estoupper, estoper
- French: étouper
⇒ Old French: estopaille, estoupaille, estoupaile
- Middle French: estoupail, estouppal
  - French: étoupail (dialectal)
- → Middle English: stoupaille, stoppaile

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