excuser
English
Noun
excuser (plural excusers)
- One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Jonathan Swift to this entry?)
- One who excuses or forgives another.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Shelton to this entry?)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for excuser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
French
Etymology
From Middle French excuser, from Old French escuser, borrowed from Latin excūsāre, present active infinitive of excūsō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛk.sky.ze/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of excuser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | excusant /ɛk.sky.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | excusé /ɛk.sky.ze/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | excuser | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | excusant /ɛk.sky.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | excuse /ɛk.skyz/ |
excuses /ɛk.skyz/ |
excuse /ɛk.skyz/ |
excusons /ɛk.sky.zɔ̃/ |
excusez /ɛk.sky.ze/ |
excusent /ɛk.skyz/ |
| imperfect | excusais /ɛk.sky.zɛ/ |
excusais /ɛk.sky.zɛ/ |
excusait /ɛk.sky.zɛ/ |
excusions /ɛk.sky.zjɔ̃/ |
excusiez /ɛk.sky.zje/ |
excusaient /ɛk.sky.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | excusai /ɛk.sky.ze/ |
excusas /ɛk.sky.za/ |
excusa /ɛk.sky.za/ |
excusâmes /ɛk.sky.zam/ |
excusâtes /ɛk.sky.zat/ |
excusèrent /ɛk.sky.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | excuserai /ɛk.skyz.ʁe/ |
excuseras /ɛk.skyz.ʁa/ |
excusera /ɛk.skyz.ʁa/ |
excuserons /ɛk.skyz.ʁɔ̃/ |
excuserez /ɛk.skyz.ʁe/ |
excuseront /ɛk.skyz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | excuserais /ɛk.skyz.ʁɛ/ |
excuserais /ɛk.skyz.ʁɛ/ |
excuserait /ɛk.skyz.ʁɛ/ |
excuserions /ɛk.sky.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
excuseriez /ɛk.sky.zə.ʁje/ |
excuseraient /ɛk.skyz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | excuse /ɛk.skyz/ |
excuses /ɛk.skyz/ |
excuse /ɛk.skyz/ |
excusions /ɛk.sky.zjɔ̃/ |
excusiez /ɛk.sky.zje/ |
excusent /ɛk.skyz/ |
| imperfect2 | excusasse /ɛk.sky.zas/ |
excusasses /ɛk.sky.zas/ |
excusât /ɛk.sky.za/ |
excusassions /ɛk.sky.za.sjɔ̃/ |
excusassiez /ɛk.sky.za.sje/ |
excusassent /ɛk.sky.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | excuse /ɛk.skyz/ |
— | excusons /ɛk.sky.zɔ̃/ |
excusez /ɛk.sky.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “excuser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French escuser, borrowed from Latin excūsō, excūsāre.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of excuser
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | excuser | avoir excusé | |||||
| gerund | en excusant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | excusant | ||||||
| past participle | excusé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | excuse | excuses | excuse | excusons | excusez | excusent |
| imperfect | excusois, excusoys | excusois, excusoys | excusoit, excusoyt | excusions, excusyons | excusiez, excusyez | excusoient, excusoyent | |
| past historic | excusa | excusas | excusa | excusasmes | excusastes | excuserent | |
| future | excuserai, excuseray | excuseras | excusera | excuserons | excuserez | excuseront | |
| conditional | excuserois, excuseroys | excuserois, excuseroys | excuseroit, excuseroyt | excuserions, excuseryons | excuseriez, excuseryez | excuseroient, excuseroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | excuse | excuses | excuse | excusons | excusez | excusent |
| imperfect | excusasse | excusasses | excusast | excusassions | excusassiez | excusassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | excuse | — | excusons | excusez | — | ||
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