frayer
See also: Frayer
French
Etymology
From Old French freier, from Latin fricāre, present active infinitive of fricō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʁɛje/, /fʁeje/
Verb
frayer
- (transitive) to open up, clear (a path etc.)
- (zoology, intransitive) to spawn, to fertilize an egg
- (reflexive, se frayer, literally, figuratively) to find (one's way through something); to clear (oneself) a path
- 2000, Jean-François Parot, L'énigme des Blancs-Manteaux, JC Lattès 2012, p. 32:
- Nicolas, accoutumé à l'ordre bonhomme des marchés provinciaux, dut se frayer un chemin au milieu d'un véritable chaos.
- Nicolas, used to the good-natured order of provincial markets, had to find his way through a veritable chaos.
- Nicolas, accoutumé à l'ordre bonhomme des marchés provinciaux, dut se frayer un chemin au milieu d'un véritable chaos.
- 2000, Jean-François Parot, L'énigme des Blancs-Manteaux, JC Lattès 2012, p. 32:
- (obsolete) to rub
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer, the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer, which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer, which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to both groups, according to the writer's preference).
Conjugation of frayer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | frayant /fʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /fʁe.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | frayé /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | frayer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | frayant /fʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /fʁe.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayes or fraies /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayons /fʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /fʁe.jɔ̃/ |
frayez /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
frayent or fraient /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | frayais /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayais /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayait /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayions /fʁɛj.jɔ̃/ or /fʁej.jɔ̃/ |
frayiez /fʁɛj.je/ or /fʁej.je/ |
frayaient /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | frayai /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
frayas /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
fraya /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
frayâmes /fʁɛ.jam/ or /fʁe.jam/ |
frayâtes /fʁɛ.jat/ or /fʁe.jat/ |
frayèrent /fʁɛ.jɛʁ/ or /fʁe.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | frayerai or fraierai /fʁɛj.ʁe/ or /fʁɛ.ʁe/ |
frayeras or fraieras /fʁɛj.ʁa/ or /fʁɛ.ʁa/ |
frayera or fraiera /fʁɛj.ʁa/ or /fʁɛ.ʁa/ |
frayerons or fraierons /fʁɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ |
frayerez or fraierez /fʁɛj.ʁe/ or /fʁɛ.ʁe/ |
frayeront or fraieront /fʁɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | frayerais or fraierais /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
frayerais or fraierais /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
frayerait or fraierait /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
frayerions or fraierions /fʁɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
frayeriez or fraieriez /fʁɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /fʁɛ.ʁje/ |
frayeraient or fraieraient /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayes or fraies /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayions /fʁɛj.jɔ̃/ or /fʁej.jɔ̃/ |
frayiez /fʁɛj.je/ or /fʁej.je/ |
frayent or fraient /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | frayasse /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ |
frayasses /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ |
frayât /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
frayassions /fʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
frayassiez /fʁɛ.ja.sje/ or /fʁe.ja.sje/ |
frayassent /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
— | frayons /fʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /fʁe.jɔ̃/ |
frayez /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “frayer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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