garbh
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).
Pronunciation
Adjective
garbh (genitive singular masculine gairbh, genitive singular feminine gairbhe, plural garbha, comparative gairbhe)
- rough
- uneven, rugged; coarse in texture
- coarse, gross
- ungentle, harsh, crude, violent
- unfinished, unpolished, inexact, approximate
Declension
Declension of garbh
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | garbh | gharbh | garbha; gharbha² | |
Vocative | ghairbh | garbha | ||
Genitive | gairbhe | garbha | garbh | |
Dative | garbh; gharbh¹ |
gharbh; ghairbh (archaic) |
garbha; gharbha² | |
Comparative | níos gairbhe | |||
Superlative | is gairbhe |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”, verb)
- garbhán m (“coarse substance; coarse-grained object or person”)
- garbhanálú m (“rough breathing”)
- garbh-bhéal m (“coarse mouth; coarse speech”)
- garbhchiumhaiseach (“rough-edged; deckle-edged”, adjective)
- garbhchloch f (“rough, uncut, stone”)
- garbhchríoch f (“rough boundary; rough region”)
- garbhchumtha (“rough-shaped; rugged-featured”, adjective)
- garbhdhéanta (“rough-made, coarse; rugged-featured”, adjective)
- garbhghlórach (“rough-spoken, raucous”, adjective)
- garbhghnúiseach (“rough-visaged”, adjective)
- garbhiarann m (“pig-iron”)
- garbhiasc m (“large sea-fish”)
- garbhlabhartha (“rough-spoken”, adjective)
- garbhlach m (“rough ground”)
- garbhlus m (“goose grass; catchweed, cleavers”)
- garbhóg f (“coarse object or person”)
- garbhphlána m (“jack-plane”)
- garbhshíon f (“rough weather”)
- garbhshnoigh (“rough-hew”, transitive verb)
- garbhtheilg (“rough-cast”, transitive verb)
- garbhuille m (“approach shot”)
Related terms
- adhgharbh (“very rough”, adjective)
- gairbhe f (“roughness, coarseness; grossness, largeness”)
- garbhadas m (“roughness, coarseness; violence; rough weather”)
- garbhánach m (“coarse-grained person; sea-bream”)
- garbhánta (“coarse-grained, coarse-fibred”, adjective)
- garbhántacht f (“coarseness (of grain, fibre); roughness, wildness”)
- garbhógach f (“club moss”)
- garbhtheilgean m (“rough-cast”)
Verb
garbh (present analytic garbhann, future analytic garbhfaidh, verbal noun garbhadh, past participle garfa)
- (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”)
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | garbhaim | garbhann tú; garbhair† |
garbhann sé, sí | garbhaimid | garbhann sibh | garbhann siad; garbhaid† |
a gharbhann; a gharbhas / a ngarbhann*; a ngarbhas* |
garbhtar |
past | gharbh mé; gharbhas | gharbh tú; gharbhais | gharbh sé, sí | gharbhamar; gharbh muid | gharbh sibh; gharbhabhair | gharbh siad; gharbhadar | a gharbh / ar gharbh* |
garbhadh | |
past habitual | gharbhainn | gharbhtá | gharbhadh sé, sí | gharbhaimis; gharbhadh muid | gharbhadh sibh | gharbhaidís; gharbhadh siad | a gharbhadh / ar gharbhadh* |
gharbhtaí | |
future | garbhfaidh mé; garbhfad |
garbhfaidh tú; garbhfair† |
garbhfaidh sé, sí | garbhfaimid; garbhfaidh muid |
garbhfaidh sibh | garbhfaidh siad; garbhfaid† |
a gharbhfaidh; a gharbhfas / a ngarbhfaidh*; a ngarbhfas* |
garbhfar | |
conditional | gharbhfainn / ngarbhfainn‡‡ | gharbhfá / ngarbhfᇇ | gharbhfadh sé, sí / ngarbhfadh sé, s퇇 | gharbhfaimis; gharbhfadh muid / ngarbhfaimis‡‡; ngarbhfadh muid‡‡ | gharbhfadh sibh / ngarbhfadh sibh‡‡ | gharbhfaidís; gharbhfadh siad / ngarbhfaidís‡‡; ngarbhfadh siad‡‡ | a gharbhfadh / ar gharbhfadh* |
gharbhfaí / ngarbhfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go ngarbha mé; go ngarbhad† |
go ngarbha tú; go ngarbhair† |
go ngarbha sé, sí | go ngarbhaimid; go ngarbha muid |
go ngarbha sibh | go ngarbha siad; go ngarbhaid† |
— | go ngarbhtar |
past | dá ngarbhainn | dá ngarbhtá | dá ngarbhadh sé, sí | dá ngarbhaimis; dá ngarbhadh muid |
dá ngarbhadh sibh | dá ngarbhaidís; dá ngarbhadh siad |
— | dá ngarbhtaí | |
imperative | garbhaim | garbh | garbhadh sé, sí | garbhaimis | garbhaigí; garbhaidh† |
garbhaidís | — | garbhtar | |
verbal noun | garbhadh | ||||||||
past participle | garfa |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
garbh | gharbh | ngarbh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "garbh" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “1 garb” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
garbh | gharbh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- “1 garb” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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