gross
English
Etymology
From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *ghrewə- (“to fell, put down, fall in”). Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great. More at great.
Pronunciation
Adjective
gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)
- (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.
- Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious.
- a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence; a gross insult
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act II, Scene 3,
- Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:
- On what condition stands it and wherein?
- Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree,
- In gross rebellion and detested treason:
- 1682, Aphra Behn, The City-Heiress, London: D. Brown et al., Act IV, Scene 1, p. 40,
- Your very faults, how gross soere, to me
- Have something pleasing in ’em.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Dublin: John Smith, Volume 3, Book 18, Chapter 10, p. 336,
- […] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;
- 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 13,
- […] had his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world;
- 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, Chapter 6,
- […] he has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.
- (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
- c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act II, Scene 1,
- What is the gross sum that I owe thee?
- 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, Book 6, Chapter 1,
- For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.
- 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier, Penguin, 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37,
- […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.
- c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act II, Scene 1,
- (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.
- Synonym: macroscopic
- Antonym: microscopic
- 1962, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Chapter 12, p. 190,
- We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.
- (slang, Canada, US) Causing disgust.
- Synonyms: gro, grody, grotty, disgusting, nasty, revolting, yucky
- I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.
- 1978, Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City, New York: Harper & Row, 1989, “Ties That Bind,” p. 293,
- Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.
- 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306,
- The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”
- Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.
- 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act I, Scene 1,
- Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.
- Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.
- 1874: Dodsley et al., A Select Collection of Old English Plays
- But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 12, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion—or rather as a transition from the subject that started their conversation—such talk had been distressingly out of place.
- 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act I, Scene 1,
- (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.
- 1860, John Ruskin, Modern Painters, Volume 5, Part 6, Chapter 10, § 5,
- The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]
- 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, “Lorenzo Was Registered,”
- He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.
- 1860, John Ruskin, Modern Painters, Volume 5, Part 6, Chapter 10, § 5,
- (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.
- 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, 1934, Chapter 79,
- Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.
- 2013, Hilary Mantel, ‘Royal Bodies’, London Review of Books, 35.IV:
- He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.
- 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, 1934, Chapter 79,
- (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 13.15,
- For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
- 1634, John Milton, Comus, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, London: Humphrey Moseley, 1645, p. ,
- A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],
- Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,
- And in cleer dream, and solemn vision
- Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 13.15,
- (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.
- 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,
- Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king,
- And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne,
- Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Isaiah 60.2,
- For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
- 1785, William Cowper, The Task, London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116,
- A pestilent and most corrosive steam,
- Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,
- And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,
- Asks egress;
- 1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral, Boston: Fields, Osgood, p. 34,
- […] a larger life
- Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse
- Of spacious circles luminous with mind,
- To which the ethereal substance of his own
- Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,
- Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.
- 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,
- (obsolete) Easy to perceive.
- c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act II, Scene 2,
- […] though the truth of it stands off as gross
- As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.
- c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act II, Scene 2,
Synonyms
- (heavy in proportion to one's height): See also Thesaurus:obese
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Noun
gross (plural gross or grosses)
Translations
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Verb
gross (third-person singular simple present grosses, present participle grossing, simple past and past participle grossed)
- (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.
- The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.
- 2014 January 21, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):
- The film grossed $464 million worldwide, ensconcing her in the Hollywood A-list.
Derived terms
- great gross
- gross adventure
- gross anatomy
- gross domestic product
- grossen
- grossification
- gross income
- gross indecency
- grossly
- gross margin
- gross national happiness
- gross national product
- gross negligence
- grossness
- gross out
- gross pay
- gross profit
- gross receipts
- gross register ton
- gross sales
- gross up
- gross vehicle weight rating
- gross weight
- half gross
- highest-grossing
- in gross
- long gross
- outgross
- outside gross area
- overgross
- short gross
- small gross
German
Adjective
gross (comparative grösser, superlative am grössten)
- Switzerland and Liechtenstein standard spelling of groß (in the past, this form was also found in other regions).
- Bach, Cantata BWV 71: Gott ist mein König
- Glück, Heil und grösser Sieg
- Good fortune, salvation and great victory
- Glück, Heil und grösser Sieg
- Bach, Cantata BWV 71: Gott ist mein König
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist gross | sie ist gross | es ist gross | sie sind gross | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | grosser | grosse | grosses | grosse |
genitive | grossen | grosser | grossen | grosser | |
dative | grossem | grosser | grossem | grossen | |
accusative | grossen | grosse | grosses | grosse | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der grosse | die grosse | das grosse | die grossen |
genitive | des grossen | der grossen | des grossen | der grossen | |
dative | dem grossen | der grossen | dem grossen | den grossen | |
accusative | den grossen | die grosse | das grosse | die grossen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein grosser | eine grosse | ein grosses | (keine) grossen |
genitive | eines grossen | einer grossen | eines grossen | (keiner) grossen | |
dative | einem grossen | einer grossen | einem grossen | (keinen) grossen | |
accusative | einen grossen | eine grosse | ein grosses | (keine) grossen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist grösser | sie ist grösser | es ist grösser | sie sind grösser | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | grösserer | grössere | grösseres | grössere |
genitive | grösseren | grösserer | grösseren | grösserer | |
dative | grösserem | grösserer | grösserem | grösseren | |
accusative | grösseren | grössere | grösseres | grössere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der grössere | die grössere | das grössere | die grösseren |
genitive | des grösseren | der grösseren | des grösseren | der grösseren | |
dative | dem grösseren | der grösseren | dem grösseren | den grösseren | |
accusative | den grösseren | die grössere | das grössere | die grösseren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein grösserer | eine grössere | ein grösseres | (keine) grösseren |
genitive | eines grösseren | einer grösseren | eines grösseren | (keiner) grösseren | |
dative | einem grösseren | einer grösseren | einem grösseren | (keinen) grösseren | |
accusative | einen grösseren | eine grössere | ein grösseres | (keine) grösseren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist am grössten | sie ist am grössten | es ist am grössten | sie sind am grössten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | grösster | grösste | grösstes | grösste |
genitive | grössten | grösster | grössten | grösster | |
dative | grösstem | grösster | grösstem | grössten | |
accusative | grössten | grösste | grösstes | grösste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der grösste | die grösste | das grösste | die grössten |
genitive | des grössten | der grössten | des grössten | der grössten | |
dative | dem grössten | der grössten | dem grössten | den grössten | |
accusative | den grössten | die grösste | das grösste | die grössten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein grösster | eine grösste | ein grösstes | (keine) grössten |
genitive | eines grössten | einer grössten | eines grössten | (keiner) grössten | |
dative | einem grössten | einer grössten | einem grössten | (keinen) grössten | |
accusative | einen grössten | eine grösste | ein grösstes | (keine) grössten |
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
From Old High German grōz, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. Compare German groß, Dutch groot, English great.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrɔs/
Declension
Declension of gross | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | gross | grosset | gross | grossen |
Genitive | gross | grossets | gross | grossens |
Related terms
- grosshandlare