gmj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈkʼiːmit/ → /ˈkʼiːmiʔ/ → /ˈkʼiːmə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) To (seek and) find. [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (transitive, also used with a genitive or r) To find a way to go.
  3. (with a genitive) To find a way to do something. [Kushite period]
  4. (transitive) To find a way out (of difficulties, etc.). [Old Kingdom]
  5. (transitive) To discover, find, locate.
  6. (transitive) To come across, happen upon.
  7. (transitive) To meet (someone).
  8. (transitive) To ascertain, discern, recognize.
  9. (transitive) To officially establish or determine.
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 18:







      gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥw rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f
      Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him.
  10. (transitive) To diagnose.
  11. (transitive) To calculate (a numerical result).
  12. (transitive) To achieve, receive (a position).
  13. (transitive) To devise (something).
  14. (intransitive, of a limb) To know how to use properly.
  15. (catenative, generally negated) To be able to.
  16. (transitive) To control a land.

Usage notes

This verb is often used with a following adverb clause introduced by a stative without a preceding subject; the subject of this stative is then ordinarily identical with the object of gmj.

Inflection
Conjugation of gmj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: gm, geminated stem: gmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
gmt, gmj
 gmw, gm
 gmt, gmwt, gmyt
 gm
 gm, gmy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
gm8, gmm8
 ḥr gmt, ḥr gmj
 m gmt, m gmj
 r gmt, r gmj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect gm.n
 gmw, gm, gmy
 consecutive gm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative gmt, gmyt
perfective3 gm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative gm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective gm, gmy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 gmw, gm, gmy
 gmw, gm, gmy
 potentialis gm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive gm, gmy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect gm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective gmw1, gmy, gm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 gm
 gmy, gm
imperfective gmm, gmmy, gmmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 gmm, gmmj6, gmmy6
 gmm, gmmw5
prospective gmw1, gmy, gm, gmtj7
 — gmwtj1 4, gmtj4, gmt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gmj  
gm gm gm gm
[Old Kingdom (most common),
Middle Kingdom (less common),
Late Period, Greco-Roman Period (most common again)]		 [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 166.6–169.8
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219.
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 42
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