gouverner
See also: gouvèrner
French
Etymology
From Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernāre, present active infinitive of gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “I steer, drive, govern”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of gouverner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | gouvernant /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | gouverné /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | gouverner | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | gouvernant /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gouverne /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouvernes /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouverne /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouvernons /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/ |
gouvernez /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ |
gouvernent /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
| imperfect | gouvernais /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ |
gouvernais /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ |
gouvernait /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ |
gouvernions /ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/ |
gouverniez /ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/ |
gouvernaient /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gouvernai /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ |
gouvernas /ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ |
gouverna /ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ |
gouvernâmes /ɡu.vɛʁ.nam/ |
gouvernâtes /ɡu.vɛʁ.nat/ |
gouvernèrent /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | gouvernerai /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
gouverneras /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
gouvernera /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
gouvernerons /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ |
gouvernerez /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
gouverneront /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gouvernerais /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
gouvernerais /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
gouvernerait /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
gouvernerions /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gouverneriez /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁje/ |
gouverneraient /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gouverne /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouvernes /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouverne /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
gouvernions /ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/ |
gouverniez /ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/ |
gouvernent /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
| imperfect2 | gouvernasse /ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/ |
gouvernasses /ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/ |
gouvernât /ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ |
gouvernassions /ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ |
gouvernassiez /ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sje/ |
gouvernassent /ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gouverne /ɡu.vɛʁn/ |
— | gouvernons /ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/ |
gouvernez /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “gouverner” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French governer, guverner.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of gouverner
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gouverner | avoir gouverné | |||||
| gerund | en gouvernant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | gouvernant | ||||||
| past participle | gouverné | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | gouverne | gouvernes | gouverne | gouvernons | gouvernez | gouvernent |
| imperfect | gouvernois, gouvernoys | gouvernois, gouvernoys | gouvernoit, gouvernoyt | gouvernions, gouvernyons | gouverniez, gouvernyez | gouvernoient, gouvernoyent | |
| past historic | gouverna | gouvernas | gouverna | gouvernasmes | gouvernastes | gouvernerent | |
| future | gouvernerai, gouverneray | gouverneras | gouvernera | gouvernerons | gouvernerez | gouverneront | |
| conditional | gouvernerois, gouverneroys | gouvernerois, gouverneroys | gouverneroit, gouverneroyt | gouvernerions, gouverneryons | gouverneriez, gouverneryez | gouverneroient, gouverneroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | gouverne | gouvernes | gouverne | gouvernons | gouvernez | gouvernent |
| imperfect | gouvernasse | gouvernasses | gouvernast | gouvernassions | gouvernassiez | gouvernassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | gouverne | — | gouvernons | gouvernez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: gouverner
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