grouiller
French
Etymology
From Middle French grouiller (“to shake, stir, agitate, scold, hasten, swarm, teem, crawl”), from Old French grouiller (“to rumble”), alteration of Old French grouller (“to growl”), from Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise, rumble, growl, grunt, grumble, scold”), from Old Dutch *grullen, from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną, *graljaną (“to shout, make angry, provoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rattle, make a noise, grumble”). Cognate with Middle High German grüllen (“to scorn, jeer”), Old English griellan (“to anger, provoke, vex”). More at grill.
Alternate etymology derives sense of crawl from Frankish *grubilōn (“to dig, burrow, rummage, crawl”), from Proto-Germanic *grubilōną (“to dig, search, ponder”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”). Cognate with German grübeln (“to brood over, mull over, speculate, ponder”), Old Norse grúfla (“to bend low, creep, crawl”). More at crawl.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁu.je/
audio (file)
Verb
grouiller
Conjugation
present participle | grouillant /ɡʁu.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | grouillé /ɡʁu.je/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | grouiller | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | grouillant /ɡʁu.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouilles /ɡʁuj/ |
grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouillons /ɡʁu.jɔ̃/ |
grouillez /ɡʁu.je/ |
grouillent /ɡʁuj/ |
imperfect | grouillais /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillais /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillait /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillions /ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
grouilliez /ɡʁuj.je/ |
grouillaient /ɡʁu.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | grouillai /ɡʁu.je/ |
grouillas /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouilla /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouillâmes /ɡʁu.jam/ |
grouillâtes /ɡʁu.jat/ |
grouillèrent /ɡʁu.jɛʁ/ | |
future | grouillerai /ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
grouilleras /ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
grouillera /ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
grouillerons /ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ |
grouillerez /ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
grouilleront /ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | grouillerais /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerais /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerait /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerions /ɡʁu.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
grouilleriez /ɡʁu.jə.ʁje/ |
grouilleraient /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouilles /ɡʁuj/ |
grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouillions /ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
grouilliez /ɡʁuj.je/ |
grouillent /ɡʁuj/ |
imperfect2 | grouillasse /ɡʁu.jas/ |
grouillasses /ɡʁu.jas/ |
grouillât /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouillassions /ɡʁu.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
grouillassiez /ɡʁu.ja.sje/ |
grouillassent /ɡʁu.jas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
— | grouillons /ɡʁu.jɔ̃/ |
grouillez /ɡʁu.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “grouiller” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).