gula
English
Noun
- The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
- (zoology) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
- (architecture) A capping moulding; a cymatium.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for gula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
Gamilaraay
Hausa
Indonesian
Noun
gula (plural gula-gula, first-person possessive gulaku, second-person possessive gulamu, third-person possessive gulanya)
Derived terms
- gula-gula
- bergula (“to contain sugar”)
- menggula
- menggulai (“to add sugar, to sugar”)
- pergulaan
- gula aren (“palm sugar”)
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Cognate with Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-), Russian глотка (glotka, “throat”), Persian گلو (“throat”), Urdu گلا (“throat”) and Kurdish gewrî, gerû (“throat”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡu.la/, [ˈɡʊ.ɫa]
Inflection
First declension.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | gula | gulae |
Genitive | gulae | gulārum |
Dative | gulae | gulīs |
Accusative | gulam | gulās |
Ablative | gulā | gulīs |
Vocative | gula | gulae |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- gula in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- gula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Malay
Etymology
From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /ɡulə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /ɡula/
- Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈkula/
Verb
gula
- inflection of gullat:
- present indicative connegative
- second-person singular imperative
- imperative connegative
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡu.la/
Noun
gula f
Declension
Portuguese
Rohingya
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).
Noun
gula f (plural gulas)
Spanish
Synonyms
- (gluttony): glotonería
Sundanese
Swazi
Etymology
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡʉː.la/
- Rhymes: -²ʉːla
Xhosa
Etymology
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Verb
-gula
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugula | ukungaguli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gula | -gule | |||||||
Plural | gulani | -guleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagula, ngigula | engigulayo, engigula | ngigula | angiguli | engingaguli | ngingaguli | |||
2nd singular | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli | |||
1st plural | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli | |||
2nd plural | niyagula, nigula | enigulayo, enigula | nigula | aniguli | eningaguli | ningaguli | |||
Class 1 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | egula | akaguli | ongaguli | engaguli | |||
Class 2 | bayagula, bagula | abagulayo, abagula | begula | abaguli | abangaguli | bengaguli | |||
Class 3 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli | |||
Class 4 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli | |||
Class 5 | liyagula, ligula | eligulayo, eligula | ligula | aliguli | elingaguli | lingaguli | |||
Class 6 | ayagula, agula | agulayo, agula | egula | awaguli | angaguli | engaguli | |||
Class 7 | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli | |||
Class 8 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli | |||
Class 9 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli | |||
Class 10 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli | |||
Class 11 | luyagula, lugula | olugulayo, olugula | lugula | aluguli | olungaguli | lungaguli | |||
Class 14 | buyagula, bugula | obugulayo, obugula | bugula | abuguli | obungaguli | bungaguli | |||
Class 15 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli | |||
Class 17 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigulile, ngigulē | engigulile, engigulē | ngigulile, ngigulē | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga | |||
2nd singular | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
1st plural | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
2nd plural | nigulile, nigulē | enigulile, enigulē | nigulile, nigulē | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga | |||
Class 1 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | egulile, egulē | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga | |||
Class 2 | bagulile, bagulē | abagulile, abagulē | begulile, begulē | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga | |||
Class 3 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
Class 4 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
Class 5 | ligulile, ligulē | eligulile, eligulē | ligulile, ligulē | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga | |||
Class 6 | agulile, agulē | agulile, agulē | egulile, egulē | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga | |||
Class 7 | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
Class 8 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
Class 9 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
Class 10 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
Class 11 | lugulile, lugulē | olugulile, olugulē | lugulile, lugulē | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga | |||
Class 14 | bugulile, bugulē | obugulile, obugulē | bugulile, bugulē | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga | |||
Class 15 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
Class 17 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgula | engāgula | ngāgula | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
1st plural | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgula | enāgula | nāgula | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgula | owāgula | āgula | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgula | abāgula | bāgula | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgula | elāgula | lāgula | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga | |||
Class 6 | āgula | āgula | āgula | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgula | olwāgula | lwāgula | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgula | obāgula | bāgula | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagula | — | ngingagula | ngingegule | — | ngingegule | |||
2nd singular | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule | |||
1st plural | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule | |||
2nd plural | ningagula | — | ningagula | ningegule | — | ningegule | |||
Class 1 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule | |||
Class 2 | bangagula | — | bengagula | bangegule | — | bengegule | |||
Class 3 | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule | |||
Class 4 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule | |||
Class 5 | lingagula | — | lingagula | lingegule | — | lingegule | |||
Class 6 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule | |||
Class 7 | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule | |||
Class 8 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule | |||
Class 9 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule | |||
Class 10 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule | |||
Class 11 | lungagula | — | lungagula | lungegule | — | lungegule | |||
Class 14 | bungagula | — | bungagula | bungegule | — | bungegule | |||
Class 15 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule | |||
Class 17 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogula | engizogula | ngizogula | angizugula | engingezugula | ngingezugula | |||
2nd singular | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | ongezugula | ungezugula | |||
1st plural | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | esingezugula | singezugula | |||
2nd plural | nizogula | enizogula | nizogula | anizugula | eningezugula | ningezugula | |||
Class 1 | uzogula | ozogula | ezogula | akazugula | ongezugula | engezugula | |||
Class 2 | bazogula | abazogula | bezogula | abazugula | abangezugula | bengezugula | |||
Class 3 | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | ongezugula | ungezugula | |||
Class 4 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | engezugula | ingezugula | |||
Class 5 | lizogula | elizogula | lizogula | alizugula | elingezugula | lingezugula | |||
Class 6 | azogula | azogula | ezogula | awazugula | angezugula | engezugula | |||
Class 7 | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | esingezugula | singezugula | |||
Class 8 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | ezingezugula | zingezugula | |||
Class 9 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | engezugula | ingezugula | |||
Class 10 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | ezingezugula | zingezugula | |||
Class 11 | luzogula | oluzogula | luzogula | aluzugula | olungezugula | lungezugula | |||
Class 14 | buzogula | obuzogula | buzogula | abuzugula | obungezugula | bungezugula | |||
Class 15 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | okungezugula | kungezugula | |||
Class 17 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | okungezugula | kungezugula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogula | engiyogula | ngiyogula | angiyugula | engingeyugula | ngingeyugula | |||
2nd singular | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | ongeyugula | ungeyugula | |||
1st plural | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | esingeyugula | singeyugula | |||
2nd plural | niyogula | eniyogula | niyogula | aniyugula | eningeyugula | ningeyugula | |||
Class 1 | uyogula | oyogula | eyogula | akayugula | ongeyugula | engeyugula | |||
Class 2 | bayogula | abayogula | beyogula | abayugula | abangeyugula | bengeyugula | |||
Class 3 | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | ongeyugula | ungeyugula | |||
Class 4 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | engeyugula | ingeyugula | |||
Class 5 | liyogula | eliyogula | liyogula | aliyugula | elingeyugula | lingeyugula | |||
Class 6 | ayogula | ayogula | eyogula | awayugula | angeyugula | engeyugula | |||
Class 7 | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | esingeyugula | singeyugula | |||
Class 8 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | ezingeyugula | zingeyugula | |||
Class 9 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | engeyugula | ingeyugula | |||
Class 10 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | ezingeyugula | zingeyugula | |||
Class 11 | luyogula | oluyogula | luyogula | aluyugula | olungeyugula | lungeyugula | |||
Class 14 | buyogula | obuyogula | buyogula | abuyugula | obungeyugula | bungeyugula | |||
Class 15 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | okungeyugula | kungeyugula | |||
Class 17 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | okungeyugula | kungeyugula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigule | ngingaguli | |||||||
2nd singular | ugule | ungaguli | |||||||
1st plural | sigule | singaguli | |||||||
2nd plural | nigule | ningaguli | |||||||
Class 1 | agule | angaguli | |||||||
Class 2 | bagule | bangaguli | |||||||
Class 3 | ugule | ungaguli | |||||||
Class 4 | igule | ingaguli | |||||||
Class 5 | ligule | lingaguli | |||||||
Class 6 | agule | angaguli | |||||||
Class 7 | sigule | singaguli | |||||||
Class 8 | zigule | zingaguli | |||||||
Class 9 | igule | ingaguli | |||||||
Class 10 | zigule | zingaguli | |||||||
Class 11 | lugule | lungaguli | |||||||
Class 14 | bugule | bungaguli | |||||||
Class 15 | kugule | kungaguli | |||||||
Class 17 | kugule | kungaguli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagula | ngangagula, angagula, angangagula | |||||||
2nd singular | wagula | wangagula, awagula, awangagula | |||||||
1st plural | sagula | sangagula, asagula, asangagula | |||||||
2nd plural | nagula | nangagula, anagula, anangagula | |||||||
Class 1 | wagula | wangagula, akagula, akangagula | |||||||
Class 2 | bagula | bangagula, abagula, abangagula | |||||||
Class 3 | wagula | wangagula, awagula, awangagula | |||||||
Class 4 | yagula | yangagula, ayagula, ayangagula | |||||||
Class 5 | lagula | langagula, alagula, alangagula | |||||||
Class 6 | agula | angagula, awagula, awangagula | |||||||
Class 7 | sagula | sangagula, asagula, asangagula | |||||||
Class 8 | zagula | zangagula, azagula, azangagula | |||||||
Class 9 | yagula | yangagula, ayagula, ayangagula | |||||||
Class 10 | zagula | zangagula, azagula, azangagula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagula | lwangagula, alwagula, alwangagula | |||||||
Class 14 | bagula | bangagula, abagula, abangagula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagula | kwangagula, akwagula, akwangagula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagula | kwangagula, akwagula, akwangagula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gula (6.3)”