leden
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.
Noun
leden (uncountable)
- (obsolete) Language; speech.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.11:
- he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.11:
Czech
Etymology
From led (“ice”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛdɛn/
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | leden | ledny |
genitive | ledna | lednů |
dative | lednu | lednům |
accusative | leden | ledny |
vocative | ledne | ledny |
locative | lednu | lednech |
instrumental | lednem | ledny |
Derived terms
Danish
Adjective
leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)
- (archaic) Passed, over, finished.
- 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25
- Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!
- Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!
- Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!
- 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94
- Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...
- 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eːdən
audio (file)
Middle English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛːdən/
Etymology 1
From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb
leden
- to lead (guide, conduct, direct)
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4
- Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11
- Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7
- He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4
- to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
- to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
- to carry, take, bring
- to put, place, set down
- to lead (a life), to live
- to cause, engender, beget
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) leden | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | lede | ledde, leded |
2nd person singular | ledest, ledst | ledde, leddest |
3rd person singular | ledeth, ledeþ | ledde, leded |
plural | leden, ledeth | ledden |
subjunctive | present | past |
singular | lede | *ledde |
plural | lede(n) | ledde(n) |
imperative | present | |
singular | lede | |
plural | ledeth, ledeþ | |
participle | present | past |
leding(e), ledende | (y)ledde, (y)leded |
References
- “lēden (v.(1))” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.
Etymology 2
From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led + -en.
Descendants
- English: leaden
References
- “leden, (adj.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.
Etymology 3
A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and lǣden (“Latin”).
Descendants
- Scots: leid
References
- “lē̆den (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lêden/
- Hyphenation: led‧en
Adjective
lȅden (definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī, Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден)
- icy, glacial (made of ice)
- full of ice
- cold, frigid, chilled
- ledena kava
- iced coffee
- ledena kava
- crystalline, clear and transparent
- relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
- (figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
- (figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing
Declension
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | leden | ledena | ledeno | |
genitive | ledena | ledene | ledena | |
dative | ledenu | ledenoj | ledenu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
leden ledena |
ledenu | ledeno |
vocative | leden | ledena | ledeno | |
locative | ledenu | ledenoj | ledenu | |
instrumental | ledenim | ledenom | ledenim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
genitive | ledenih | ledenih | ledenih | |
dative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
accusative | ledene | ledene | ledena | |
vocative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
locative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
instrumental | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ledeni | ledena | ledeno | |
genitive | ledenog(a) | ledene | ledenog(a) | |
dative | ledenom(u/e) | ledenoj | ledenom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
ledeni ledenog(a) |
ledenu | ledeno |
vocative | ledeni | ledena | ledeno | |
locative | ledenom(e/u) | ledenoj | ledenom(e/u) | |
instrumental | ledenim | ledenom | ledenim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
genitive | ledenih | ledenih | ledenih | |
dative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
accusative | ledene | ledene | ledena | |
vocative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
locative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
instrumental | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ledeniji | ledenija | ledenije | |
genitive | ledenijeg(a) | ledenije | ledenijeg(a) | |
dative | ledenijem(u) | ledenijoj | ledenijem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
ledeniji ledenijeg(a) |
ledeniju | ledenije |
vocative | ledeniji | ledenija | ledenije | |
locative | ledenijem(u) | ledenijoj | ledenijem(u) | |
instrumental | ledenijim | ledenijom | ledenijim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ledeniji | ledenije | ledenija | |
genitive | ledenijih | ledenijih | ledenijih | |
dative | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | |
accusative | ledenije | ledenije | ledenija | |
vocative | ledeniji | ledenije | ledenija | |
locative | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | |
instrumental | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | najledeniji | najledenija | najledenije | |
genitive | najledenijeg(a) | najledenije | najledenijeg(a) | |
dative | najledenijem(u) | najledenijoj | najledenijem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
najledeniji najledenijeg(a) |
najledeniju | najledenije |
vocative | najledeniji | najledenija | najledenije | |
locative | najledenijem(u) | najledenijoj | najledenijem(u) | |
instrumental | najledenijim | najledenijom | najledenijim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | najledeniji | najledenije | najledenija | |
genitive | najledenijih | najledenijih | najledenijih | |
dative | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | |
accusative | najledenije | najledenije | najledenija | |
vocative | najledeniji | najledenije | najledenija | |
locative | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | |
instrumental | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) |
Usage notes
Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.
Synonyms
References
- Pero Budmani, editor (1898-1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
- “leden” in Hrvatski jezični portal