ljósta
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse ljósta, from Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈljousta/
- Rhymes: -ousta
Verb
ljósta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative laust, third-person plural past indicative lustu, supine lostið)
Usage notes
This verb is somewhat archaic or poetic, and its use in everyday language is mostly limited to references to lightning strikes and the set phrases skelfingu lostinn (“horror-stricken”), and steini lostinn (“awestruck, stone-stricken”).
Conjugation
ljósta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að ljósta | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
lostið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
ljóstandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég lýst | við ljóstum | present (nútíð) |
ég ljósti | við ljóstum |
þú lýstur | þið ljóstið | þú ljóstir | þið ljóstið | ||
hann, hún, það lýstur | þeir, þær, þau ljósta | hann, hún, það ljósti | þeir, þær, þau ljósti | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég laust | við lustum | past (þátíð) |
ég lysti | við lystum |
þú laust | þið lustuð | þú lystir | þið lystuð | ||
hann, hún, það laust | þeir, þær, þau lustu | hann, hún, það lysti | þeir, þær, þau lystu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
ljóst (þú) | ljóstið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
ljóstu | ljóstiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
lostinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
lostinn | lostin | lostið | lostnir | lostnar | lostin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
lostinn | lostna | lostið | lostna | lostnar | lostin | |
dative (þágufall) |
lostnum | lostinni | lostnu | lostnum | lostnum | lostnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
lostins | lostinnar | lostins | lostinna | lostinna | lostinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
lostni | lostna | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu |
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ljósta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | ljósta | |
---|---|---|
present participle | ljóstandi | |
past participle | lostinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | lýst | laust |
2nd-person singular | lýstr | laustt |
3rd-person singular | lýstr | laust |
1st-person plural | ljóstum | lustum |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lustuð |
3rd-person plural | ljósta | lustu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljósta | lysta |
2nd-person singular | ljóstir | lystir |
3rd-person singular | ljósti | lysti |
1st-person plural | ljóstim | lystim |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lystið |
3rd-person plural | ljósti | lysti |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ljóst | |
1st-person plural | ljóstum | |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið |
Conjugation of ljósta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | ljóstask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | ljóstandisk | |
past participle | lostizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lustumk |
2nd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
3rd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | lustumsk |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lustuzk |
3rd-person plural | ljóstask | lustusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lystumk |
2nd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
3rd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
1st-person plural | ljóstimsk | lystimsk |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lystizk |
3rd-person plural | ljóstisk | lystisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ljószk | |
1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk |
References
- ljósta in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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