nfr

See also: NFR

Egyptian
FWOTD – 13 January 2016

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Afro-Asiatic *fir- (“to be good”) with an additional *nV- prefix.[1] Compare also Tahaggart Tamahaq ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵔ (ifrar, “best”) and Saho feer (“good”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈnaːfiɾ/ → /ˈnaːfiʔ/ → /ˈnaːfaʔ/ → /ˈnoːfə/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) good, fine, wonderful, or perfect
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) beautiful or fair
  3. (intransitive) to be(come) pleasant or gratifying

Inflection
Conjugation of nfr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nfr, geminated stem: nfrr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
nfr
 nfrw, nfr
 nfrt
 nfr
 nfr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
nfr
 ḥr nfr
 m nfr
 r nfr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect nfr.n
 consecutive nfr.jn
terminative nfrt
perfective3 nfr
 obligative nfr.ḫr
imperfective nfr
prospective3 nfr
 potentialis nfr.kꜣ
subjunctive nfr
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect nfr.n
 — —
perfective nfr
 nfr
 nfr, nfrw5, nfry5
imperfective nfr, nfry, nfrw5
 nfr, nfrj6, nfry6
 nfr, nfrw5
prospective nfr, nfrtj7
 nfrtj4, nfrt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nfr  
nfr

Derived terms

Adjective

  1. good, fine, wonderful, perfect
    • 12th Dynasty, The coffin of Nakhtankh, London, British Museum, BM EA 35285:





      […] qrst nfrt m jz.f nfr n ẖrt-nṯr […]
      […] a good burial in his wonderful tomb of the necropolis […]
  2. beautiful, fair
  3. pleasant, gratifying

Inflection
Declension of nfr (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular nfr
 nfrt
dual nfrwj
 nfrtj
plural nfrw
 nfrwt1, nfrt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above.

Derived terms

Descendants

Adverb

  1. well

Alternative forms

See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above.

Particle

 proclitic

  1. not even, not at all

Usage notes

In Middle Egyptian, this particle is found only in the constructions nfr pw, nfr n, and nfr ꜣ.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nfr  
nfr

Derived terms
  • nfrw (“depletion, deficiency, zero”)

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*fir-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 39, 56
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 194–195 page 94–95, 194–195.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42
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