noceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nokeō, from Proto-Indo-European *noḱéye-, causative of the root *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”). Cognate with Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “disappear, perish”).

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈno.ke.oː/, [ˈnɔ.ke.oː]

Verb

noceō (present infinitive nocēre, perfect active nocuī, supine nocitum); second conjugation

  1. (with dative) I injure, do harm to, hurt, damage
    • c. 50 BCE, Publilius Syrus, Sententiae :
      Bonīs nocet quisquis pepercit malīs.
      He does harm to the good, whoever has been lenient to the bad

Usage notes
  • The injury caused may be physical or emotional.

Conjugation
  • In practice, the only passive forms met with in Latin are the third-person singular forms.
   Conjugation of noceō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present noceō nocēs nocet nocēmus nocētis nocent
imperfect nocēbam nocēbās nocēbat nocēbāmus nocēbātis nocēbant
future nocēbō nocēbis nocēbit nocēbimus nocēbitis nocēbunt
perfect nocuī nocuistī nocuit nocuimus nocuistis nocuērunt, nocuēre
pluperfect nocueram nocuerās nocuerat nocuerāmus nocuerātis nocuerant
future perfect nocuerō nocueris nocuerit nocuerimus nocueritis nocuerint
passive present noceor nocēris, nocēre nocētur nocēmur nocēminī nocentur
imperfect nocēbar nocēbāris, nocēbāre nocēbātur nocēbāmur nocēbāminī nocēbantur
future nocēbor nocēberis, nocēbere nocēbitur nocēbimur nocēbiminī nocēbuntur
perfect nocitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect nocitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect nocitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present noceam noceās noceat noceāmus noceātis noceant
imperfect nocērem nocērēs nocēret nocērēmus nocērētis nocērent
perfect nocuerim nocuerīs nocuerit nocuerīmus nocuerītis nocuerint
pluperfect nocuissem nocuissēs nocuisset nocuissēmus nocuissētis nocuissent
passive present nocear noceāris, noceāre noceātur noceāmur noceāminī noceantur
imperfect nocērer nocērēris, nocērēre nocērētur nocērēmur nocērēminī nocērentur
perfect nocitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect nocitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — nocē — — nocēte —
future — nocētō nocētō — nocētōte nocentō
passive present — nocēre — — nocēminī —
future — nocētor nocētor — — nocentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives nocēre nocuisse nocitūrus esse nocērī, nocērier1 nocitus esse nocitum īrī
participles nocēns — nocitūrus — nocitus nocendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
nocendī nocendō nocendum nocendō nocitum nocitū

1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested for this verb.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Catalan: noure
  • Franco-Provençal: nouêre
  • Italian: nuocere
  • Galician: nocer, nocir
  • Old French: nuisir, nuire (analogical)
  • Old Portuguese: nozer, nozir, nuzer, nuzir
  • Old Spanish: nocir, nozir
  • Sicilian: nòciri
  • Venetian: nioxer

References
  • noceo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • noceo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • noceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
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