paluma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognate to Finnish palvoa and Livonian pall. Compare also Erzya паламс (palams, “to kiss”) and Moksha паламс (palams, “to kiss”).
Conjugation
Inflection of paluma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | palun | ei palu | 1st sing. | olen palunud | ei ole palunud pole palunud |
| 2nd sing. | palud | 2nd sing. | oled palunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | palub | 3rd sing. | on palunud | ||
| 1st plur. | palume | 1st plur. | oleme palunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | palute | 2nd plur. | olete palunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | paluvad | 3rd plur. | on palunud | ||
| passive | palutakse | ei paluta | passive | on palutud | ei ole palutud pole palutud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | palusin | ei palunud | 1st sing. | olin palunud | ei olnud palunud polnud palunud |
| 2nd sing. | palusid | 2nd sing. | olid palunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | palus | 3rd sing. | oli palunud | ||
| 1st plur. | palusime | 1st plur. | olime palunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | palusite | 2nd plur. | olite palunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | palusid | 3rd plur. | oli palunud | ||
| passive | paluti | ei palutud | passive | oli palutud | ei olnud palutud polnud palutud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | paluksin | ei paluks | 1st sing. | oleksin palunud | ei oleks palunud poleks palunud |
| 2nd sing. | paluksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid palunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | paluks | 3rd sing. | oleks palunud | ||
| 1st plur. | paluksime | 1st plur. | oleksime palunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | paluksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite palunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | paluksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid palunud | ||
| passive | palutaks | ei palutaks | passive | oleks palutud | ei oleks palutud poleks palutud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | palu | ära palu | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | palugu | ärgu palugu | 3rd sing. | olgu palunud | ärgu olgu palunud |
| 1st plur. | palugem | ärgem palugem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | paluge | ärge paluge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | palugu | ärgu palugu | 3rd plur. | olgu palunud | ärgu olgu palunud |
| passive | palutagu | ärgu palutagu | passive | olgu palutud | ärgu olgu palutud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | paluvat | ei paluvat | active | olevat palunud | ei olevat palunud polevat palunud |
| passive | palutavat | ei palutavat | passive | olevat palutud | ei olevat palutud polevat palutud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | paluda | ||||||
| nominative | paluma | palutama | des-form | paludes | |||||
| inessive | palumas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | palumast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | palumaks | — | present | paluv | palutav | ||||
| abessive | palumata | — | past | palunud | palutud | ||||
Derived terms
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