piquer
French
Etymology
From Middle French picquer, from Old French piquer (“to pierce with the tip of a sword”) (cf. also pikier), from proto-Romance or Vulgar Latin *pīccare (“to sting, strike”) or *pikkāre (compare Occitan, Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish picar), itself either from an onomatopoetic root *pikk- (cf. also Latin picus, whence French pic), or alternatively, from Frankish *pikkōn, from Proto-Germanic *pikōną, *pukaną (“to pick, peck, prick, knock”), from Proto-Indo-European *beu-, *bu- (“to make a dull sound”). Cognate with Old English pȳcan, pician (“to pick, pluck”), Old Norse pikka (“to prick, peck”), Middle Dutch and Middle Low German picken (“to pick, peck, pierce”), Middle High German puchen (“to knock, defy, plunder”). More at pick.
Pronunciation
Verb
piquer
Conjugation
Conjugation of piquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | piquant /pi.kɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | piqué /pi.ke/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | piquer | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | piquant /pi.kɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | pique /pik/ |
piques /pik/ |
pique /pik/ |
piquons /pi.kɔ̃/ |
piquez /pi.ke/ |
piquent /pik/ |
imperfect | piquais /pi.kɛ/ |
piquais /pi.kɛ/ |
piquait /pi.kɛ/ |
piquions /pi.kjɔ̃/ |
piquiez /pi.kje/ |
piquaient /pi.kɛ/ | |
past historic2 | piquai /pi.ke/ |
piquas /pi.ka/ |
piqua /pi.ka/ |
piquâmes /pi.kam/ |
piquâtes /pi.kat/ |
piquèrent /pi.kɛʁ/ | |
future | piquerai /pi.kʁe/ |
piqueras /pi.kʁa/ |
piquera /pi.kʁa/ |
piquerons /pi.kʁɔ̃/ |
piquerez /pi.kʁe/ |
piqueront /pi.kʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | piquerais /pi.kʁɛ/ |
piquerais /pi.kʁɛ/ |
piquerait /pi.kʁɛ/ |
piquerions /pi.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
piqueriez /pi.kə.ʁje/ |
piqueraient /pi.kʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | pique /pik/ |
piques /pik/ |
pique /pik/ |
piquions /pi.kjɔ̃/ |
piquiez /pi.kje/ |
piquent /pik/ |
imperfect2 | piquasse /pi.kas/ |
piquasses /pi.kas/ |
piquât /pi.ka/ |
piquassions /pi.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
piquassiez /pi.ka.sje/ |
piquassent /pi.kas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | pique /pik/ |
— | piquons /pi.kɔ̃/ |
piquez /pi.ke/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Conjugation of se piquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | se piquant /sə pi.kɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | piqué /pi.ke/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | se piquer | ||||||
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | se piquant /sə pi.kɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | s'étant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me pique /mə pik/ |
te piques /tə pik/ |
se pique /sə pik/ |
nous piquons /nu pi.kɔ̃/ |
vous piquez /vu pi.ke/ |
se piquent /sə pik/ |
imperfect | me piquais /mə pi.kɛ/ |
te piquais /tə pi.kɛ/ |
se piquait /sə pi.kɛ/ |
nous piquions /nu pi.kjɔ̃/ |
vous piquiez /vu pi.kje/ |
se piquaient /sə pi.kɛ/ | |
past historic2 | me piquai /mə pi.ke/ |
te piquas /tə pi.ka/ |
se piqua /sə pi.ka/ |
nous piquâmes /nu pi.kam/ |
vous piquâtes /vu pi.kat/ |
se piquèrent /sə pi.kɛʁ/ | |
future | me piquerai /mə pi.kʁe/ |
te piqueras /tə pi.kʁa/ |
se piquera /sə pi.kʁa/ |
nous piquerons /nu pi.kʁɔ̃/ |
vous piquerez /vu pi.kʁe/ |
se piqueront /sə pi.kʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | me piquerais /mə pi.kʁɛ/ |
te piquerais /tə pi.kʁɛ/ |
se piquerait /sə pi.kʁɛ/ |
nous piquerions /nu pi.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous piqueriez /vu pi.kə.ʁje/ |
se piqueraient /sə pi.kʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me pique /mə pik/ |
te piques /tə pik/ |
se pique /sə pik/ |
nous piquions /nu pi.kjɔ̃/ |
vous piquiez /vu pi.kje/ |
se piquent /sə pik/ |
imperfect2 | me piquasse /mə pi.kas/ |
te piquasses /tə pi.kas/ |
se piquât /sə pi.ka/ |
nous piquassions /nu pi.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
vous piquassiez /vu pi.ka.sje/ |
se piquassent /sə pi.kas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | pique-toi /pik.twa/ |
— | piquons-nous /pi.kɔ̃.nu/ |
piquez-vous /pi.ke.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “piquer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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